Research on the recycling of waste activated sludge as an adsorbent material for ammonium removal in wastewater
Author affiliations
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15625/2525-2518/16148Keywords:
hydrogels, Centella asiatica, Drug delivery system, cytotoxicityAbstract
Exploiting an inherently biological activity of natural compounds in Centella asiatica, a new hydrogel system with many beneficial properties was developed by a simple preparation. Gelatin-based hydrogels were in situ formed by Schiff base reaction to incorporate a Centella asiatica extract. The gelation time was controlled from 1 to more than 30 minutes by varying a composition ratio. The gelatin/aqueous Centella asiatica leaf extract-glutaraldehyde hydrogels exhibited microarchitecture and high porosity when being observed with a scanning electron microscope. The swelling ratio was reported in the range from 106% to 121%, which was an acceptable value for biomedical usage without any adverse effect on system blockage or stress. In addition, all hydrogels formed with more minor than or equal 0.5 wt% glutaraldehyde showed high cell compatibility; a Centella asiatica extract (≤ 1wt%) did not cause any effects on cell toxicity. Interestingly, the hydrogels composed of 2.5 wt% gelatin, 0.25 wt% extract, and 0.25 wt% glutaraldehyde gained 105% cell viability compared to standard culture conditions. Altogether, the gelatin/aqueous Centella asiatica leaf extract-glutaraldehyde hydrogels could become a promising candidate for tissue engineering and drug delivery platform.
Downloads
References
Asadi N., Pazoki-Toroudi H., Del Bakhshayesh A. R., Akbarzadeh A., Davaran S., Annabi N. - Multifunctional hydrogels for wound healing: Special focus on biomacromolecular based hydrogels, Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 170 (2021) 728-50.
Hoang Thi T. T., Lee Y., Ryu S. B., Sung H. J., Park K. D. - Oxidized cyclodextrin-functionalized injectable gelatin hydrogels as a new platform for tissue-adhesive hydrophobic drug delivery, RSC Advances. 7 (54) (2017) 34053-34062.
Buie T., McCune J., Cosgriff-Hernandez E. - Gelatin Matrices for Growth Factor Sequestration, Trends Biotechnol. 38 (5) (2020) 546-557.
Gaspar-Pintiliescu A., Stanciuc A. M., Craciunescu O. - Natural composite dressings based on collagen, gelatin and plant bioactive compounds for wound healing: A review, Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 138 (2019) 854-865.
Xing Z., Zhao C., Wu S., Zhang C., Liu H., Fan Y. - Hydrogel-based therapeutic angiogenesis: An alternative treatment strategy for critical limb ischemia, Biomaterials 274 (2021) 120872.
Hoang Thi T. T., Lee J. S., Lee Y., Park K. M., Park K. D. - Enhanced Cellular Activity in Gelatin-Poly(Ethylene Glycol) Hydrogels without Compromising Gel Stiffness, Macromol. Biosci. 16 (3) (2016) 334-340.
Azerad R. - Chemical structures, production and enzymatic transformations of sapogenins and saponins from Centella asiatica (L.) Urban, Fitoterapia. 114 (2016) 168-187.
Lichota A., Gwozdzinski L., Gwozdzinski K. - Therapeutic potential of natural compounds in inflammation and chronic venous insufficiency, Eur. J. Med. Chem. 176 (2019) 68-91.
Sabaragamuwa R., Perera C.O., Fedrizzi B. - Centella asiatica (Gotu kola) as a neuroprotectant and its potential role in healthy ageing, Trends Food Sci. Technol.79 (2018) 88-97.
Lee M. S., Seo S. R., Kim J. C. - A beta-cyclodextrin, polyethyleneimine and silk fibroin hydrogel containing Centella asiatica extract and hydrocortisone acetate: releasing properties and in vivo efficacy for healing of pressure sores, Clin. Exp. Dermatol. 37 (7) (2012) 762-771.
Huckaby J. T., Jacobs T. M., Li Z., Perna R. J., Wang A., Nicely N. I., Lai S. K. - Structure of an anti-PEG antibody reveals an open ring that captures highly flexible PEG polymers, Commun. Chem. 3 (1) (2020) 124.
Hoang Thi T. T., Pilkington E. H., Nguyen D. H., Lee J. S., Park K. D., Truong P. N. - The Importance of Poly(ethylene glycol) Alternatives for Overcoming PEG Immunogenicity in Drug Delivery and Bioconjugation, Polymers 12 (2) (2020) 298.
Hong G. S., Choi J. Y., Suh J. S., Lim J. O., Choi J. H. - Development of a Natural Matrix Hybrid Hydrogel Patch and Evaluation of Its Efficacy against Atopic Dermatitis, Appl. Sci. 10 (23) (2020).
Gul R., Jan S. U., Faridullah S., Sherani S., Jahan N. - Preliminary Phytochemical Screening, Quantitative Analysis of Alkaloids, and Antioxidant Activity of Crude Plant Extracts from Ephedra intermedia Indigenous to Balochistan, Sci. World J. 2017 (2017) 5873648.
Nguyen D. H., Vo T. N. N., Le N. T. T., Thi D. P. N., Hoang Thi T. T. - Evaluation of saponin-rich/poor leaf extract-mediated silver nanoparticles and their antifungal capacity, Green Process. Synth. 9 (1) (2020) 429-439.
Pasto D. J., Johnson C. R. - Laboratory Text for Organic Chemistry: A Source Book of Chemical and Physical Techniques, Prentice-Hall, 1979, (in Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, United States).
Bianchi-Bosisio A., PROTEINS Physiological Samples, in: P. Worsfold, A. Townshend, C. Poole (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Analytical Science (Second Edition), Elsevier, Oxford, 2005, pp. 357-375.
Roopalatha U. C., Vijay Mala N. - Phytochemical analysis of successive reextracts of the leaves of Moringa oleifera LAM., Int. J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci. 5 (2013) 629-634.
Hoang Thi T. T., Lee Y., Le Thi P., Park K. D. - Oxidized Alginate Supplemented Gelatin Hydrogels for the In Situ Formation of Wound Dressing with High Antibacterial Activity, Macromol. Res. 27 (8) (2019)811-820.
Tee H. T., Zipp R., Koynov K., Tremel W., Wurm F. R. - Poly(methyl ethylene phosphate) hydrogels: Degradable and cell-repellent alternatives to PEG-hydrogels, Eur. Polym. J.141 (2020)110075.
Sekar T., Ayyanar M., Pillai Y.J.K., Sekar T. - Phytochemical screening and antibacterial activity of leaf and callus extracts of Centella asiatica, Bangladesh J. Pharmacol. 6 (1) (2011) 55-60.
Sampson J. H., Raman A., Karlsen G., Navsaria H., Leigh I. M. - In vitro keratinocyte antiproliferant effect of Centella asiatica extract and triterpenoid saponins, Phytomedicine 8 (3) (2001) 230-235.
Irham W. H., Tamrin, Marpaung L., Marpongahtun - Bioactive Compounds In Pegagan Leaf (Centella asiatica L. Urban) for Wound Healing, J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 1232 (2019) 012019.
Wu Z. W., Li W. B., Zhou J., Liu X., Wang L., Chen B., Wang M. K., Ji L., Hu W. C., Li F. - Oleanane- and Ursane-Type Triterpene Saponins from Centella asiatica Exhibit Neuroprotective Effects, J. Agric. Food Chem. 68 (26) (2020) 6977-6986.
Gupta M., Kapoor B., Gupta R., Singh N. - Plants and phytochemicals for treatment of peptic ulcer: An overview, S.Afr. J. Bot. 138 (2021)105-114.
Marin L., Simionescu B., Barboiu M. - Imino-chitosan biodynamers, Chem. Comm. 48 (70) (2012) 8778-8780.
Gao L., Li X., Wang Y., Zhu W., Shen Z., Li X. - Injectable thiol-epoxy “click” hydrogels, J. Polym. Sci. A Polym. Chem. 54 (17) (2016) 2651-2655.
Hoang Thi T. T., Lee Y., Le Thi P., Park K. D. - Engineered horseradish peroxidase-catalyzed hydrogels with high tissue adhesiveness for biomedical applications, J. Ind. Eng. Chem. 78 (2019) 34-52.
Jeon O., Samorezov J. E., Alsberg E. - Single and dual crosslinked oxidized methacrylated alginate/PEG hydrogels for bioadhesive applications, ActaBiomater. 10 (1) (2014) 47-55.
Yang G., Xiao Z., Ren X., Long H., Qian H., Ma K., Guo Y. - Enzymatically crosslinked gelatin hydrogel promotes the proliferation of adipose tissue-derived stromal cells, Peer J. 4 (2016) e2497-e2497.
Sievers J., Sperlich K., Stahnke T., Kreiner C., Eickner T., Martin H., et al. - Determination of hydrogel swelling factors by two established and a novel non-contact continuous method, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 138 (18) (2021) 50326.
Bhagat V., Becker M. L. - Degradable Adhesives for Surgery and Tissue Engineering, Biomacromolecules 18 (10) (2017) 3009-3039.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Vietnam Journal of Sciences and Technology (VJST) is an open access and peer-reviewed journal. All academic publications could be made free to read and downloaded for everyone. In addition, articles are published under term of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA) Licence which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited & ShareAlike terms followed.
Copyright on any research article published in VJST is retained by the respective author(s), without restrictions. Authors grant VAST Journals System a license to publish the article and identify itself as the original publisher. Upon author(s) by giving permission to VJST either via VJST journal portal or other channel to publish their research work in VJST agrees to all the terms and conditions of https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ License and terms & condition set by VJST.
Authors have the responsibility of to secure all necessary copyright permissions for the use of 3rd-party materials in their manuscript.
Vietnam Journal of Science and Technology (VJST) is pleased to notice: