Physico-chemical properties of macadamia nut shell post-gasification residues and potential agricultural application
Author affiliations
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15625/2525-2518/18001Keywords:
macadamia nut shell, gasification, biochar, physico-chemical characteristics, post-gasification residueAbstract
In–depth information about the characteristics and potential use of post-gasification residues is the key to unlock the sustainability potential of biomass gasification. This study aimed to explicate the physico-chemical properties of residues after the gasification of macadamia nut shell using a commercial gasifier. The results revealed an important amount of carbon content remained in the residues, marking the low conversion efficiency of the process. The obtained residues were deemed unsuitable for use as adsorbents due to low surface areas with non-porous structures. However, the surface of the residues contained multiple carboxyl and hydroxyl functional groups. Also, a remarkable amount of K (up to 86 wt% of the char’s total inorganic elements) was observed to be evenly distributed on the char surface. The results solidified the possibility of utilizing the residues as bio-fertilizers, and provided essential data for the development of sustainable energy production processes using macadamia nut shell for gasification.
Downloads
References
Dahou T., Defoort F., Nguyen H. N., Bennici S., Jeguirim M., Dupont C. - Biomass steam gasification kinetics: relative impact of char physical properties vs. inorganic composition, Biomass Conv. Bioref. 12 (2022) 3475-3490. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-020-00894-9
Nguyen H. N., Van De Steene L. - Steam gasification of rice husk: effects of feedstock heterogeneity and heat-mass transfer, Energ. Source. Part A 0 (2019) 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1080/15567036.2019.1694104
Nguyen H. N., Steene L. V. D., Le T. T. H., Le D. D., Ha-Duong M. - Rice Husk Gasification: from Industry to Laboratory, IOP C. Ser. Earth Env. 159 (2018) 012033. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/159/1/012033
Nguyen H. N., Nguyen P. L. T., Tran V. B. - Zero-waste biomass gasification: Use of residues after gasification of bagasse pellets as CO2 adsorbents, Therm. Sci. Eng. Prog. 26 (2021) 101080. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsep.2021.101080
Hong Nam N. - Complete Parametric Study of Bagasse Pellets During High-Temperature Steam Gasification, J. Therm. Sci. Eng. Appl. 12 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1115/ 1.4045698
Reuters. Vietnam to rapidly expand macadamia farms as demand rises. https://www.reuters.com/article/vietnam-macadamia-idUKL3N2GL2K5
Conesa J. A., Sakurai M., Antal M. J. - Synthesis of a high-yield activated carbon by oxygen gasification of macadamia nut shell charcoal in hot, liquid water, Carbon 38 (2000) 839-848. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-6223(99)00182-7
Tan P., Zhang C., Xia J., Fang Q. Y., Chen G. - Estimation of higher heating value of coal based on proximate analysis using support vector regression, Fuel Process. Technol. 138 (2015) 298-304. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2015.06.013
Mai N. T., Nguyen M. N., Tsubota T., Nguyen P. L. T., Nguyen N. H. - Evolution of physico-chemical properties of Dicranopteris linearis-derived activated carbon under various physical activation atmospheres, Sci. Rep. 11 (2021) 14430. https://doi.org/ 10.1038/s41598-021-93934-x
Xu R., Zhao A., Yuan J., Jiang J. - pH buffering capacity of acid soils from tropical and subtropical regions of China as influenced by incorporation of crop straw biochars, J. Soils Sediments 12 (2012) 494-502. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-012-0483-3
Yuan J. H., Xu R. K., Zhang H. - The forms of alkalis in the biochar produced from crop residues at different temperatures, Bioresource Technol. 102 (2011) 3488-3497. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2010.11.018
Hussain R., Garg A., Ravi K. - Soil-biochar-plant interaction: differences from the perspective of engineered and agricultural soils B, Eng. Geol. Environ. 79 (2020) 4461-4481. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-020-01846-3
Adeniyi A. G., Ighalo J. O., Onifade D. V. - Production of biochar from elephant grass (Pernisetum purpureum) using an updraft biomass gasifier with retort heating, Biofuels, 12 (2021) 1283-1290. https://doi.org/10.1080/17597269.2019.1613751
Akça M. O., Ok S. S., Deni̇z K., Mohammedelnour A., Ki̇bar M. - Spectroscopic Characterisation and Elemental Composition of Biochars Obtained from Different Agricultural Wastes, J. Agr. Sci. 27 (2021) 426-435. https://doi.org/10.15832/ ankutbd.623876
Hossain N., Nizamuddin S., Griffin G., Selvakannan P., Mubarak N. M., Mahlia T. M. I. - Synthesis and characterization of rice husk biochar via hydrothermal carbonization for wastewater treatment and biofuel production, Sci. Rep. 10 (2020) 18851. https://doi.org/ 10.1038/s41598-020-75936-3
Khawkomol S., Neamchan R., Thongsamer T., Vinitnantharat S., Panpradit B., Sohsalam P., Werner D., Mrozik W. - Potential of Biochar Derived from Agricultural Residues for Sustainable Management, Sustainability 13 (2021) 8147. https://doi.org/10.3390/ su13158147
Ghulam Mustafa Kubar K. H. T., Shahneela Khashkhali M. M. N., Kubar M. S., Kubar K. A., Kubar A. A. - 27. Effect of potassium (K+) on growth, yield components and macronutrient accumulation in Wheat crop, Pure Appl. Biol. 8 (2019) 248-255.
Kumar S., Diksha Sindhu S. S., Kumar R. - Biofertilizers: An ecofriendly technology for nutrient recycling and environmental sustainability, Curr. Res. Microbial Sci. 3 (2022) 100094. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crmicr.2021.100094
Tran C. T., Mai N. T., Nguyen V. T., Nguyen H. X., Meharg A., Carey M., Dultz S., Marone F., Cichy S. B., Nguyen M. N. - Phytolith-associated potassium in fern: characterization, dissolution properties and implications for slash-and-burn agriculture, Soil Use Manage. 34 (2018) 28-36. https://doi.org/10.1111/sum.12409
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Vietnam Journal of Sciences and Technology (VJST) is an open access and peer-reviewed journal. All academic publications could be made free to read and downloaded for everyone. In addition, articles are published under term of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA) Licence which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited & ShareAlike terms followed.
Copyright on any research article published in VJST is retained by the respective author(s), without restrictions. Authors grant VAST Journals System a license to publish the article and identify itself as the original publisher. Upon author(s) by giving permission to VJST either via VJST journal portal or other channel to publish their research work in VJST agrees to all the terms and conditions of https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ License and terms & condition set by VJST.
Authors have the responsibility of to secure all necessary copyright permissions for the use of 3rd-party materials in their manuscript.
Vietnam Journal of Science and Technology (VJST) is pleased to notice: