Anticancer potential of the <i>Zanthoxylum</i> genus: A review of phytochemistry and bioactivity

Pham Cao Bach; Tran Thi Tuyen; Trinh Anh Vien; Pham Thi Hong Minh; Pham Quoc Long; Nguyen Thi Hong Van

doi:10.15625/2525-2518/22121

Author affiliations

Authors

Pham Cao Bach \(^1\) Institute of Natural Product Chemistry (INPC), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet street, Nghia Do, Ha Noi 10072, Viet Nam https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0999-4534
Tran Thi Tuyen \(^1\) Institute of Natural Product Chemistry (INPC), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet street, Nghia Do, Ha Noi 10072, Viet Nam
Trinh Anh Vien \(^2\) Department of Examination and Quality Assurance of Education, Hanoi Medical University-Thanh Hoa Campus, Quang Trung 3, Dong Ve, Thanh Hoa 40130, Viet Nam
Pham Thi Hong Minh \(^1\) Institute of Natural Product Chemistry (INPC), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet street, Nghia Do, Ha Noi 10072, Viet Nam
\(^3\) Graduate University of Science and Technology (GUST), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet street, Nghia Do, Ha Noi 10072, Viet Nam
Pham Quoc Long \(^4\) Laboratory of Biophysics, Institute for Advanced Study in Technology, Ton Duc Thang University, 19 Nguyen Huu Tho, Tan Hung, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Viet Nam
\(^5\) Faculty of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University, 19 Nguyen Huu Tho, Tan Hung, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Viet Nam
Nguyen Thi Hong Van \(^1\) Institute of Natural Product Chemistry (INPC), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet street, Nghia Do, Ha Noi 10072, Viet Nam
\(^3\) Graduate University of Science and Technology (GUST), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet street, Nghia Do, Ha Noi 10072, Viet Nam https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4152-1630

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15625/2525-2518/22121

Keywords:

Zanthoxylum, anticancer, traditional use, extract, essential oil, secondary metabolites

Abstract

The Zanthoxylum genus, belonging to the Rutaceae family, comprises over 250 species and is widely distributed across Asia, Africa, Europe, and the Americas. These species have been appreciated their significance as both spices and medicinal plants with broad therapeutic applications, especially for cancer treatment. Zanthoxylum species via Z. nitidum, Z. armatum, Z. chalybeum, Z. bungeanum, Z. piperitum, Z. simulans, Z. capense, Z. schinifolium, and Z. zanthoxyloides were a rich source of cytotoxic components, including crude extracts, essential oils, secondary metabolite compounds, such as alkaloids, flavonoids, lignans, and coumarins that showed potential anticancer agents through many different mechanisms. However, there are some reports on the safety/toxicology of some Zanthoxylum species, and advice about using them for a long time must be narrowly supervised, as well as further toxicity investigations to access their safety before in vivo trials.

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