Expanded graphite fabricated by rapid induction heating and its application in wastewater treatment

Nguyen Thanh Huong; Phung Thi Thu; Le Thi Thu Huong; Hoang Thi Khuyen; Pham Thi Lien; Nguyen Vu; Nguyen Thi Ngoc Anh; Do Khanh Tung; Ngo Thi Hong Le; Nguyen Thanh Binh

doi:10.15625/2525-2518/21256

Author affiliations

Authors

Nguyen Thanh Huong \(^1\) Institute of Materials Science, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Nghia Do ward, Ha Noi, Viet Nam https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4468-8965
Phung Thi Thu \(^1\) Institute of Materials Science, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Nghia Do ward, Ha Noi, Viet Nam https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2991-8627
Le Thi Thu Huong \(^2\) Institute of Physics, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 10 Dao Tan, Giang Vo ward, Ha Noi, Viet Nam
Hoang Thi Khuyen \(^1\) Institute of Materials Science, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Nghia Do ward, Ha Noi, Viet Nam
Pham Thi Lien \(^1\) Institute of Materials Science, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Nghia Do ward, Ha Noi, Viet Nam
Nguyen Vu \(^1\) Institute of Materials Science, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Nghia Do ward, Ha Noi, Viet Nam
Nguyen Thi Ngoc Anh \(^1\) Institute of Materials Science, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Nghia Do ward, Ha Noi, Viet Nam https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8567-7595
Do Khanh Tung \(^1\) Institute of Materials Science, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Nghia Do ward, Ha Noi, Viet Nam
Ngo Thi Hong Le \(^1\) Institute of Materials Science, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Nghia Do ward, Ha Noi, Viet Nam
Nguyen Thanh Binh \(^2\) Institute of Physics, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 10 Dao Tan, Giang Vo ward, Ha Noi, Viet Nam https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9893-4140

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15625/2525-2518/21256

Keywords:

expanded graphite, graphite intercalation compounds, thermal shock heating, wastewater treatment, induction furnace

Abstract

The increasing global industrial demands have led to water source contamination by hazardous wastes such as organic compounds, dyes, heavy metals, and oils. Consequently, wastewater treatment has become a paramount environmental challenge, requiring efficient, low-cost treatment materials with large-scale manufacturing capabilities. This paper presents a research on synthesizing expanded graphite (EG) materials from graphite intercalation compounds (GIC) using the induction heating method. The properties of the synthesized material have been evaluated through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), specific surface area measurements using the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Additionally, experiments were conducted to evaluate its efficacy in removing dyes such as Methylene Blue (MB) and oils (Diesel Oil - DO) from wastewater. The study results indicate that the synthesized material can adsorb dyes almost completely (> 99 %) and that more than 50 g of diesel oil can be retained by just 1 g of the material. However, there is a difference in the adsorption of hydrophilic and hydrophobic compounds depending on the structure of the EG material. Furthermore, the utilization of the thermal shock synthesis method using an induction furnace demonstrates its capability to produce a large quantity of material at a low cost.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

1. Mishra K., Siwal S. S., Nayaka S. C., Guan Z., Thakur V. K. - Waste-to-chemicals: Green solutions for bioeconomy markets. Sci. Total Environ., 887 (2023) 164006. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164006.

2. Chowdhury S., Uddin M. E., Noyon M. A. R., Mondol M. M. H., Maafa I. M., Yousef A. - Fabrication and performance analysis of keratin based-graphene oxide nanocomposite to remove dye from tannery wastewater. Heliyon, 10(1) (2023) e23421. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23421.

3. Afroze S., Sen T. K. - A Review on Heavy Metal Ions and Dye Adsorption from Water by Agricultural Solid Waste Adsorbents. Water Air Soil Pollut., 229(7) (2018) https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-018-3869-z.

4. Tabish T. A., Memon F. A., Gomez D. E., Horsell D. W., Zhang S. - A facile synthesis of porous graphene for efficient water and wastewater treatment. Sci. Rep., 8(1) (2018) 1817. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-19978-8.

5. Hanafi M. F., Sapawe N. - A review on the water problem associate with organic pollutants derived from phenol, methyl orange, and remazol brilliant blue dyes. Mater. Today Proc., 31 (2021) A141-A150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2021.01.258.

6. Chen M., Heijman S. G. J., Rietveld L. C. - Ceramic membrane filtration for oily wastewater treatment: Basics, membrane fouling and fouling control. Desalination, 583 (2024) 117727. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2024.117727.

7. Hu G., Li J., Hou H. - A combination of solvent extraction and freeze thaw for oil recovery from petroleum refinery wastewater treatment pond sludge. J. Hazard. Mater., 283 (2015) 832-840. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.10.028.

8. Ihaddaden S., Aberkane D., Boukerroui A., Robert D. - Removal of methylene blue (basic dye) by coagulation-flocculation with biomaterials (bentonite and Opuntia ficus indica). J. Water Process Eng., 49 (2022) 102952. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwpe.2022.102952.

9. Oh M., Lee K., Jeon M. K., Foster R. I., Lee C. H. - Chemical precipitation-based treatment of acidic wastewater generated by chemical decontamination of radioactive concrete. J. Environ. Chem. Eng., 11(5) (2023) 110306. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2023.110306.

10. Wang W., Tian G., Wang D., Zhang Z., Kang Y., Zong L., Wang A. - All-into-one strategy to synthesize mesoporous hybrid silicate microspheres from naturally rich red palygorskite clay as high-efficient adsorbents. Sci. Rep., 6 (2016) 39599. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep39599.

11. Ali I. - New generation adsorbents for water treatment. Chem. Rev., 112(10) (2012) 5073-5091. https://doi.org/10.1021/cr300133d.

12. Oladoye P. O., Kadhom M., Khan I., Hama Aziz K. H., Alli Y. A. - Advancements in adsorption and photodegradation technologies for Rhodamine B dye wastewater treatment: Fundamentals, applications, and future directions. Green Chem. Eng., 5(4) (2023) 440-460. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gce.2023.12.004.

13. Khader E. H., Khudhur R. H., Mohammed T. J., Mahdy O. S., Sabri A. A., Mahmood A. S., Albayati T. M. - Evaluation of adsorption treatment method for removal of phenol and acetone from industrial wastewater. Desalin. Water Treat., 317 (2024) 100091. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dwt.2024.100091.

14. Sheoran K., Kaur H., Siwal S. S., Saini A. K., Vo D. N., Thakur V. K. - Recent advances of carbon-based nanomaterials (CBNMs) for wastewater treatment: Synthesis and application. Chemosphere, 299 (2022) 134364. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134364.

15. Malhotra M., Puglia M., Kalluri A., Chowdhury D., Kumar C. V. - Adsorption of metal ions on graphene sheet for applications in environmental sensing and wastewater treatment. Sens. Actuators Rep., 4 (2022) 100077. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snr.2022.100077.

16. Janani R., Gurunathan B., Sivakumar K., Senthilkumar P. - Strychnos potatorum seeds derived magnetic graphene oxide nanocomposite for removal of nickel from wastewater: Adsorption performance, isotherm, kinetic and desorption behavior. Desalin. Water Treat., 319 (2024) 100463. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dwt.2024.100463.

17. Youssef Z., Colombeau L., Yesmurzayeva N., Baros F., Vanderesse R., Hamieh T., Toufaily J., Frochot C., Roques-Carmes T., Acherar S. - Dye-sensitized nanoparticles for heterogeneous photocatalysis: Cases studies with TiO2, ZnO, fullerene and graphene for water purification. Dyes Pigm., 159 (2018) 49-71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dyepig.2018.06.002.

18. Lai K. C., Lee L. Y., Hiew B. Y. Z., Thangalazhy-Gopakumar S., Gan S. - Environmental application of three-dimensional graphene materials as adsorbents for dyes and heavy metals: Review on ice-templating method and adsorption mechanisms. J. Environ. Sci., 79 (2019) 174-199. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2018.11.023.

19. Kyzas G. Z., Deliyanni E. A., Bikiaris D. N., Mitropoulos A. C. - Graphene composites as dye adsorbents: Review. Chem. Eng. Res. Des., 129 (2018) 75-88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cherd.2017.11.006.

20. Abu-Nada A., Abdala A., McKay G. - Removal of phenols and dyes from aqueous solutions using graphene and graphene composite adsorption: A review. J. Environ. Chem. Eng., 9(5) (2021) 105858. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2021.105858.

21. Shah I. A., Bilal M., Ihsanullah I., Ali S., Yaqub M. - Revolutionizing water purification: Unleashing graphene oxide (GO) membranes. J. Environ. Chem. Eng., 11(6) (2023) 111450. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2023.111450.

22. Rana K., Kaur H., Singh N., Sithole T., Siwal S. S. - Graphene-based materials: Unravelling its impact in wastewater treatment for sustainable environments. Next Mater., 3 (2024) 100107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nxmate.2024.100107.

23. Kunene P. N., Mahlambi P. N., Ndlovu T. - Adsorption of antiretroviral drugs, abacavir, nevirapine, and efavirenz from river water and wastewater using exfoliated graphite: Isotherm and kinetic studies. J. Environ. Manage., 360 (2024) 121200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121200.

24. Momodu D., Madito M. J., Singh A., Sharif F., Karan K., Trifkovic M., Bryant S., Roberts E. P. L. - Mixed-acid intercalation for synthesis of a high conductivity electrochemically exfoliated graphene. Carbon, 171 (2021) 130-141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2020.08.066.

25. Hoang N. B., Nguyen T. T., Nguyen T. S., Bui T. P. Q., Bach L. G., Duc N. D. - The application of expanded graphite fabricated by microwave method to eliminate organic dyes in aqueous solution. Cogent Eng., 6(1) (2019) 1584939. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311916.2019.1584939.

26. Tarango-Rivero G., Mendoza-Duarte J. M., Santos-Beltrán A., Estrada-Guel I., Garay-Reyes C. G., Pizá-Ruiz P., Gómez-Esparza C. D., Rocha-Rangel E., Martínez-Sánchez R. - Effect of process parameters on the graphite expansion produced by a green modification of the Hummers method. Molecules, 27(21) (2022) https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27217399.

27. Elbidi M., Mohd Salleh M. A., Rashid S. A., Mukhtar Gunam Resul M. F. - The potential of thermally expanded graphite in oil sorption applications. RSC Adv., 14(23) (2024) 16466-16485. https://doi.org/10.1039/D4RA00049H.

28. Pang X. Y. - Adsorption capacity and mechanism of expanded graphite for polyethylene glycol and oils. J. Chemistry, 7(4) (2010) 1258-1265. https://doi.org/10.1155/2010/565468.

29. Pang X. Y., Gong F. - Study on the adsorption kinetics of Acid Red 3B on expanded graphite. J. Chemistry, 5(4) (2008) 802-809. https://doi.org/10.1155/2008/786025.

30. Pang X. Y., Lv P., Feng Y. Q., Liu X. W. - Study on the adsorbing characteristics of expanded graphite for organic dyes. Environ. Sci.: Indian J., 3(2) (2008) 150-157.

31. Binh N. T., Tuan A. D., Tinh N. T., Hai H. M. - Method and apparatus for fabricating multilayer graphene nanosheets from graphite compound. 34682, VN Patent (2022).

32. Binh N. T., Dung N. D., Tinh N. T., Huynh M. D., Giang N. V. - Study on the properties of graphite nanoplatelets fabricated from natural graphite of Vietnam. Proc. SPMS2015, (2015) 498.

33. Binh N. T., Dung N. D., Huong N. T. M., Huong L. T. T., Tinh N. T. - Study on the fabrication of multi-layer graphene materials for application in electrically conductive polymer composites. Proc. SPMS2017, (2017) 899.

34. Pang X. Y., Ren S. X., Di X., Sun S. Y. - Study on the competitive adsorption performance of Direct Deep Blue and Methyl Orange on expanded graphite adsorbent. Res. Rev.: J. Ecol. Environ. Sci., 2(1) (2014) 23-32.

35. Pang X. - Study on the discolored thermodynamics of dyes on expanded graphite loaded with Titania. Int. J. ChemTech Res., 2(2) (2010) 1281-1288.

36. Pang X., Yang C., Ren S. - Adsorption capacity of expansion graphite for xylenol orange. J. Mater. Sci. Chem. Eng., 1(1) (2013) 1-5. https://doi.org/10.4236/msce.2013.11001.

37. Tian Y., Zhang N., Liu Y., Chen W., Lv R., Ma H. - Adsorption performance of expanded graphite and its binary composite microbeads toward oil and dyes. Desalin. Water Treat., 178 (2020) 283-295. https://doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2020.24937.

38. Park S. J., Lee S. Y., Kim K. S., Jin F. L. - A novel drying process for oil adsorption of expanded graphite. Carbon Lett., 14(3) (2013) 193-195. https://doi.org/10.5714/CL.2013.14.3.193.

39. Ivanov A. V., Divitskaya D. A., Lavrin M. A., Kravtsov A. V., Volkova S. I., Maksimova N. V., Kalachev I. L., Kirichenko A. N., Rodionov N. B., Malakho A. P., Avdeev V. V. - Exfoliated graphite for sorption of liquid hydrocarbons from the water surface: Effect of preparation conditions on sorption capacity and water wettability. Adsorption, 30(6) (2024) 755-767. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10450-024-00475-6.

40. Wang G., Sun Q., Zhang Y., Fan J., Ma L. - Sorption and regeneration of magnetic exfoliated graphite as a new sorbent for oil pollution. Desalination, 263(1-3) (2010) 183-188. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2010.06.056.

41. Ahmad A., Kanwal M., Qaisrani N. A., Arshad F., Akram N. - Industrial wastewater treatment by using graphite intercalation compounds as an adsorbent. Iran. J. Chem. Chem. Eng., 42(11) (2023) 3683-3696. https://doi.org/10.30492/ijcce.2023.1987588.5818.

42. Hussain S. N. - Water treatment using graphite adsorbents with electrochemical regeneration. The University of Manchester (2012).