Analytical procedures using SEM/EDX equipment for determining heavy metals contents in fly ash genereated from domestic solid waste incinerators: a casestudy of Soc Son waste to power plant in Ha Noi

Ngo Tra Mai; Khuat Thi Hong; Nguyen Thi Thuy Hang; Nghiem Thi Ha Lien; Van Huu Tap; Phan Thi Thanh Hang; Trinh Thi Tham; Vu Duc Toan; Nguyen Thi Hoa; Nguyen Hung Son; Nguyen Trong Nghia; Tran Thien Cuong; Dao Thanh Duong; Do Thi Lan Chi

doi:10.15625/2525-2518/18198

Author affiliations

Authors

Ngo Tra Mai Institute of Physic, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Nghia Do, Cau Giay, Ha Noi, Viet Nam https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5503-2023
Khuat Thi Hong VNU School of Interdisciplinary Sciences and Arts, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 144 Xuan Thuy, Cau Giay, Ha Noi, Viet Nam
Nguyen Thi Thuy Hang Institute of Physic, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Nghia Do, Cau Giay, Ha Noi, Viet Nam https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2180-2971
Nghiem Thi Ha Lien Institute of Physic, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Nghia Do, Cau Giay, Ha Noi, Viet Nam https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7219-8659
Van Huu Tap Center for Advanced Technology Development, Thai Nguyen University, Tan Thinh, Thai Nguyen City, Thai Nguyen, Viet Nam https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9584-8383
Phan Thi Thanh Hang Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology,18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Nghia Do, Cau Giay, Ha Noi, Viet Nam https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1164-5731
Trinh Thi Tham Hanoi University of Natural Resources and Environment, 41A Phu Dien, Bac Tu Liem, Ha Noi, Viet Nam https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7501-3290
Vu Duc Toan Environmental and Life Science Research Laboratory – University of Irrigation, 175 Tay Son, Trung Liet, Dong Da, Ha Noi, Viet Nam https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3790-5404
Nguyen Thi Hoa Institute of Physic, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Nghia Do, Cau Giay, Ha Noi, Viet Nam https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8591-4655
Nguyen Hung Son Institute of Physic, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology
Nguyen Trong Nghia Institute of Physic, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8232-0363
Tran Thien Cuong Faculty of Environmental Sciences, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, 334 Nguyen Trai, Thanh Xuan, Ha Noi, Viet Nam https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6765-658X
Dao Thanh Duong University of Science and Technology of Hanoi, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Nghia Do, Cau Giay, Ha Noi, Viet Nam https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5820-9750
Do Thi Lan Chi Trade Union University, 175 Tay Son, Quang Trung, Dong Da, Ha Noi, Viet Nam

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15625/2525-2518/18198

Keywords:

fly ash, SEM/EDX, analytical process, heavy metals, hazardous waste

Abstract

The researching and establishing of this process for analyzing fly ash generated from a domestic solid waste treatment plant by Scanning Electron Microscopy Energy Dispersive X-Ray (SEM/EDX) method were investigated. Three sampling series with twelve (12) fly ash samples collected at SocSon waste-to-power plant Ha Noi, Viet Nam were used for: (i) analytical procedure establishment; (ii) standardization; and (iii) test analysis. At each measurement, a cross-check with one random sample using X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) method was carried out to verify the accuracy of the SEM/EDX measurements. As a result, a 6-step measurement procedure has been proposed, including: experimental preparation, sample weighting, liquid/solid phase separation, sample drying, sample measurement and data processing. And for procedure adjustment, liquid/solid phase separation was repeated twice while drying time was doubly increased from 24 to 48 hours to collect all heavy metal contaminated residues. The proposed procedure could provide results in about 3-5 seconds without any requirement of sample digestion while most of the heavy metalspresent in fly ash, including low-content ones such as Ag, Cd and Cr were simultaneously displayed. The standardized measurement procedure was applied to test the hazardous properties of fly ash by comparing with Technical regulations (QCVN) 07:2009/BTNMT – National Technical Regulations on Hazardous waste thresholds. The results identified that fly ash could be primarily considered as hazardous waste with 5/14 heavy metal parameters exceed the limit from 1.7 to 9.5 times and needs to be collected and treated properly. This result is also quite similar to the studies that have been done in China, the US or Viet Nam. Thus, SEM/EDX method could be used for analyzing heavy metal components in fly ash samples of solid waste treatment plants.

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