Study on the recycle of steel slag as an adsorbent for COD removal in pulp mill wastewater
Author affiliations
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15625/2525-2518/16533Keywords:
steel slag, persistent organic pollutants, pulp mill wastewater, adsorption, adsorption column, NaOH modificationAbstract
This study aims to characterize and investigate steel slag for the removal of its persistent organic pollutants (measured as COD) from pulp mill wastewater. Steel slag and its NaOH-modified states were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis, Barrett-Joyner-Halenda (BJH) pore size, and volume analysis. Batch adsorption experiments were conducted to investigate the COD adsorption of slag-based adsorbents. The modification of NaOH was found to improve the COD adsorption capacity (by 1.5 times) of steel slag by generating hydroxyl and carboxyl groups and enlarging the specific surface area and pore size in the steel slag particles. In batch experiments, the suitable conditions for COD adsorption on NS (steel slag) and MS20 (2 M NaOH-modified steel slag) were determined to be pH 6 - 8, contact time 90 minutes, and adsorbent dosage 20 g/L. Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm models satisfactorily described the adsorption of COD on both NS and MS20 with a good correlation. According to the Langmuir isotherm, the maximum COD adsorption capacity of NS and MS20 were 5.16 and 6.87 mg/g, respectively. Column experiments demonstrated that NS and MS20 had promising potential for COD treatment in pulp mill effluent. According to the column results, 20 g of NS or MS20 was able to keep 300 mL or 525 mL of 125 mg/L COD wastewater, respectively, reaching the threshold of the National Technical Regulation on Industrial Wastewater QCVN 40:2021/BTNMT.
Downloads
References
Proctor D., Fehling K., Shay E., Wittenborn J., Green J., Avent C., Bigham R., Connolly M., Lee B. and Shepker T. - Physical and chemical characteristics of blast furnace, basic oxygen furnace, and electric arc furnace steel industry slags, Environmental Science Technology 34 (8) (2000) 1576-1582. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/es9906002
Steel industry co-products. World Steel Association, 2021
Song Q., Guo M. Z., Wang L. and Ling T. C. - Use of steel slag as sustainable construction materials: A review of accelerated carbonation treatment, Resources, Conservation and Recycling 173 (2021) 105740. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2021.105740
Jin Wei L., Chew L. H., Choong T., Tezara C. and Yazdi M. - Overview of Steel Slag Application and Utilization, MATEC Web of Conferences, Vol. 74, 2016, p. 00026. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/20167400026
Ahmedzade P. and Sengoz B. - Evaluation of steel slag coarse aggregate in hot mix asphalt concrete, Journal of hazardous materials 165 (1-3) (2009) 300-305. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.09.105
Panesar D. K.- Supplementary cementing materials, in Developments in the Formulation and Reinforcement of Concrete, Elsevier, 2019, pp. 55-85. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-102616-8.00003-4
Xue Y., Hou H. and Zhu S. - Adsorption removal of reactive dyes from aqueous solution by modified basic oxygen furnace slag: isotherm and kinetic study, Chemical Engineering Journal 147 (2-3) (2009) 272-279. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2008.07.017
Cheng M., Zeng G., Huang D., Lai C., Liu Y., Zhang C., Wang R., Qin L., Xue W., Song B., Ye S. and Yi H. - High adsorption of methylene blue by salicylic acid–methanol modified steel converter slag and evaluation of its mechanism, Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 515 (2018) 232-239. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2018.01.008
Blanco I., Molle P., de Miera L. E. S. and Ansola G. - Basic oxygen furnace steel slag aggregates for phosphorus treatment, Evaluation of its potential use as a substrate in constructed wetlands, Water research 89 (2016) 355-365. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2015.11.064
Vu M. T., Nguyen L. N., Hasan Johir M. A., Ngo H. H., Skidmore C., Fontana A., Galway B., Bustamante H., and Nghiem L. D. - Phosphorus removal from aqueous solution by steel making slag – Mechanisms and performance optimisation, Journal of Cleaner Production 284 (2021) 124753. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.124753
Wang S., Yao S., Du K., Yuan R., Chen H., Wang F. and Zhou B. - The mechanisms of conventional pollutants adsorption by modified granular steel slag, Environmental Engineering Research 26 (1) (2021) 190352-190350. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4491/eer.2019.352
Ashrafi O., Yerushalmi L., and Haghighat F. - Wastewater treatment in the pulp-and-paper industry: A review of treatment processes and the associated greenhouse gas emission, Journal of Environmental Management 158 (2015) 146-157. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2015.05.010
Singh A. K. and Chandra R. - Pollutants released from the pulp paper industry: Aquatic toxicity and their health hazards, Aquatic Toxicology 211 (2019) 202-216. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.04.007
Mazhar S., Ditta A., Bulgariu L., Ahmad I., Ahmed M. and Nadiri A. A. - Sequential treatment of paper and pulp industrial wastewater: Prediction of water quality parameters by Mamdani Fuzzy Logic model and phytotoxicity assessment, Chemosphere 227 (2019) 256-268. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.04.022
Carvalho Neves L., Beber de Souza J., de Souza Vidal C. M., Herbert L. T., de Souza K. V., Geronazzo Martins K. and Young B. J. - Phytotoxicity indexes and removal of color, COD, phenols and ISA from pulp and paper mill wastewater post-treated by UV/H2O2 and photo-Fenton, Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 202 (2020) 110939. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110939
Tsang Y. F., Hua F. L., Chua H., Sin S. N. and Wang Y. J. - Optimization of biological treatment of paper mill effluent in a sequencing batch reactor, Biochemical Engineering Journal 34 (3) (2007) 193-199. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bej.2006.12.004
Kumar A. and Chandra R. - Biodegradation and toxicity reduction of pulp paper mill wastewater by isolated laccase producing Bacillus cereus AKRC03, Cleaner Engineering and Technology 4 (2021) 100193. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clet.2021.100193
Nageeb M. - Adsorption Technique for the Removal of Organic Pollutants from Water and Wastewater, 2013. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5772/54048
El-Naas M. H., Al-Zuhair S. and Alhaija M. A. - Reduction of COD in refinery wastewater through adsorption on date-pit activated carbon, Journal of Hazardous Materials 173 (1) (2010) 750-757. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.09.002
Mohammad-pajooh E., Turcios A. E., Cuff G., Weichgrebe D., Rosenwinkel K. H., Vedenyapina M. D., and Sharifullina L. R. - Removal of inert COD and trace metals from stabilized landfill leachate by granular activated carbon (GAC) adsorption, Journal of Environmental Management 228 (2018) 189-196. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.09.020
Halim A. A., Aziz H. A., Johari M. A. M., and Ariffin K. S. - Comparison study of ammonia and COD adsorption on zeolite, activated carbon and composite materials in landfill leachate treatment, Desalination 262 (1) (2010) 31-35. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2010.05.036
GilPavas E. and Correa-Sanchez S. - Assessment of the optimized treatment of indigo-polluted industrial textile wastewater by a sequential electrocoagulation-activated carbon adsorption process, Journal of Water Process Engineering 36 (2020) 101306. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwpe.2020.101306
Ministry of Science Technology and Environment - TCVN 6491:1999 Water Quality - Determination of the chemical oxygen demand, 1999.
Navarro C., Díaz M. and Villa-García M. A. - Physico-Chemical Characterization of Steel Slag. Study of its Behavior under Simulated Environmental Conditions, Environmental Science & Technology 44 (14) (2010) 5383-5388. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/es100690b
Miller F. A. - Amides, Carboxylate Ion, and C-O Single Bonds, in: Mayo D. W., Miller F. A. and Hannah R. W., Course Notes on the Interpretation of Infrared and Raman Spectra, John Wiley & Sons Inc., New Jersey, 2004 pp. 205-215. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/0471690082.ch8
Kim D. W., Kil H. S., Nakabayashi K., Yoon S. H., and Miyawaki J. - Structural elucidation of physical and chemical activation mechanisms based on the microdomain structure model, Carbon 114 (2017) 98-105. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2016.11.082
Xie F., Fan R., Yi Q., Zhang Q. and Luo Z. - NaOH Modification of Persimmon Powder-formaldehyde Resin to Enhance Cu2+ and Pb2+ Removal from Aqueous Solution, Procedia Environmental Sciences 31 (2016) 817-826. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proenv.2016.02.082
Nouha S., Souad N. S., and Abdelmottalab O. - Enhanced adsorption of phenol using alkaline modified activated carbon prepared from olive stones, Journal of the Chilean Chemical Society 64 (2019) 4352-4359. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4067/s0717-97072019000104352
Hayati B. and Mahmoodi N. M. - Modification of activated carbon by the alkaline treatment to remove the dyes from wastewater: Mechanism, isotherm and kinetic, Desalination and water treatment 47 (2012) 322‐333. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/19443994.2012.696429
Parande A. K., Sivashanmugam A., Beulah H. and Palaniswamy N. - Performance evaluation of low cost adsorbents in reduction of COD in sugar industrial effluent, Journal of Hazardous Materials 168 (2-3) (2009) 800-805. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.02.098
Mittal A., Gajbe V. and Mittal J. - Removal and recovery of hazardous triphenylmethane dye, Methyl Violet through adsorption over granulated waste materials, Journal of Hazardous Materials 150 (2) (2008) 364-375. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.04.117
Aluyor E. O. and Badmus O. A. M. - COD removal from industrial wastewater using activated carbon prepared from animal horns, African Journal of Biotechnology 7 (21) (2008) 3887-3891.
Rusmin R., Sarkar B., Liu Y., McClure S. and Naidu R. - Structural evolution of chitosan–palygorskite composites and removal of aqueous lead by composite beads, Applied Surface Science 353 (2015) 363-375. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2015.06.124
Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment - QCVN 40:2021/BTNMT National Technical Regulation on Industrial Wastewater, 2021.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Vietnam Journal of Sciences and Technology (VJST) is an open access and peer-reviewed journal. All academic publications could be made free to read and downloaded for everyone. In addition, articles are published under term of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA) Licence which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited & ShareAlike terms followed.
Copyright on any research article published in VJST is retained by the respective author(s), without restrictions. Authors grant VAST Journals System a license to publish the article and identify itself as the original publisher. Upon author(s) by giving permission to VJST either via VJST journal portal or other channel to publish their research work in VJST agrees to all the terms and conditions of https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ License and terms & condition set by VJST.
Authors have the responsibility of to secure all necessary copyright permissions for the use of 3rd-party materials in their manuscript.
