Heavy metal contamination of soil based on pollution, geo-accumulation indices and enrichment factor in Phan Me coal mine area, Thai Nguyen province, Vietnam

Nguyen Van Hoang; Le Quang Dao; Dong Thu Van; Pham Lan Hoa

doi:10.15625/0866-7187/42/2/14950

Author affiliations

Authors

Nguyen Van Hoang Institute of Geological Sciences, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
Le Quang Dao Institute of Geological Sciences, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
Dong Thu Van Institute of Geological Sciences, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
Pham Lan Hoa Institute of Geological Sciences, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15625/0866-7187/42/2/14950

Keywords:

Soil heavy metal pollution, pollution/geoaccumulation/index, enrichment factor, geochemical background, ecological risk

Abstract

Soil samples around the Phan Me coal mine area, Thai Nguyen province, Vietnam had been analyzed for Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Hg, Pb and Ni. Single pollution index, geo-accumulation index, enrichment factor have been determined and used for assessing the soil quality. In average by pollution index, the soil heavy metal pollution sequence is Cu(PI=4.2)>Cd(3.5)>Zn(3.1) >Pb(1.7)>Ni(1.3). High concentrations of Cu, Zn and Cd in the soil in the study area are thanks to geo-accumulation and enrichment of the metals in the soil. The soil is from moderately to heavily contaminated by Cu, Zn and Cd: Cu and Zn concentrations are 1.5-2.8 times higher than the ecological risk values, and Cd concentration is about 3.5 times higher than allowable limits. The high concentration of Pb is thanks to moderate geo-accumulation and enrichment of Pb, and the soil mostly has Pb concentration higher than the allowable limit in about 1.7 times. There is a sign that the soil is contaminated by Ni: 22% of the samples have Ni concentration higher than the threshold value, however, the enrichment of Ni is only deficient to minimal. The results of the assessment highlight the need for a comprehensive and detailed study program on heavy metal content in different soil resources in a wider area to identify the magnitude and details of the problem associated with heavy metal contamination for the development of a remediation plan and more effective pollution preventing measures.

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