Seasonal variation of suspended sediment and its relationship with turbidity in Cam - Nam Trieu estuary, Hai Phong (Vietnam)

Minh Hai Nguyen; Sylvain Ouillon; Duy Vinh Vu

doi:10.15625/1859-3097/16076

Author affiliations

Authors

Nguyen Minh hai Institute of Marine Environment and Resources, VAST, Vietnam; Graduate University of Science and Technology, VAST, Vietnam
Sylvain Ouillon UMR LEGOS, Université de Toulouse, IRD, CNES, CNRS, UPS, 14 avenue Edouard Belin, 31400 Toulouse, France; Department Water-Environment-Oceanography, University of Science and Technology of Hanoi (USTH), VAST, Vietnam
Vu Duy Vinh Institute of Marine Environment and Resources, VAST, Vietnam

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15625/1859-3097/16076

Keywords:

Turbidity, SPM, linear relationship, proportional relationship, Cam - Nam Trieu estuary, Hai Phong (Vietnam).

Abstract

We analyzed the seasonal variation of suspended sediment and its relationship with Turbidity in Cam - Nam Trieu estuary based on data measured during three different seasons: Early wet season (May 2015), wet season (September 2015) and dry season (January 2016). The results highlighted the seasonal variation of suspended particle matter (SPM) concentrations with river flow. The average SPM concentration was highest during the dry season, with 62.95 mg/L. They were not significantly different between the early wet and wet seasons, with 59.65 mg/L and 50.94 mg/L, respectively. This study also demonstrated a strong dependence between SPM and Turbidity in the study area. The coefficients of determination varied from 0.867 to 0.971 (linear relationship), and from 0.95 to 0.991 (proportional relationship). Therefore, turbidity can be used to estimate SPM concentration. However, this relationship changed markedly with the seasons, and hence when determining SPM concentration, seasonal factors must be considered.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

References

Jafar-Sidik, M., Gohin, F., Bowers, D., Howarth, J., and Hull, T., 2017. The relationship between Suspended Particulate Matter and Turbidity at a mooring station in a coastal environment: consequences for satellite-derived products. Oceanologia, 59(3), 365–378.

Kirk, J. T., 2010. Light and Photosynthesis in Aquatic Ecosystems. Cambridge University Press.

Fettweis, M., and Van den Eynde, D., 2003. The mud deposits and the high turbidity in the Belgian–Dutch coastal zone, southern bight of the North Sea. Continental Shelf Research, 23(7), 669–691.

Lindström, M., Håkanson, L., Abrahamsson, O., and Johansson, H., 1999. An empirical model for prediction of lake water suspended particulate matter. Ecological Modelling, 121(2–3), 185–198.

Bukata, R. P., Jerome, J. H., Kondratyev, K. Y., and Pozdnyakov, D. V., 2018. Optical properties and remote sensing of inland and coastal waters. CRC press. 384 p.

Bowers, D. G., and Binding, C. E., 2006. The optical properties of mineral suspended particles: A review and synthesis. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 67(1–2), 219–230.

International Organization for Standards (ISO), 1990. International Standard ISO 7027 - Water Quality - Determination of Turbidity. ISO. Second edition 1990-04-15.

Kallio, K., 2012. Water quality estimation by optical remote sensing in boreal lakes. Monographs Boreal Envi. Res., 39(2012), 1–54. http://www.ymparisto.fi/ default.asp?contentid=403122&lan=en http://www.ymparisto.fi/ default.asp?contentid=403122&lan=en">

Dogliotti, A. I., Ruddick, K. G., Nechad, B., Doxaran, D., and Knaeps, E., 2015. A single algorithm to retrieve turbidity from remotely-sensed data in all coastal and estuarine waters. Remote Sensing of Environment, 156, 157–168.

Davies‐Colley, R. J., and Smith, D. G., 2001. Turbidity suspeni) ed sediment, and water clarity: a review 1. JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association, 37(5), 1085–1101.

Lucas, L. V., Koseff, J. R., Cloern, J. E., Monismith, S. G., and Thompson, J. K., 1999. Processes governing phytoplankton blooms in estuaries. I: The local production-loss balance. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 187, 1–15.

Jassby, A. D., Cloern, J. E., and Cole, B. E., 2002. Annual primary production: Patterns and mechanisms of change in a nutrient‐rich tidal ecosystem. Limnology and Oceanography, 47(3), 698–712.

Arruda, J. A., Marzolf, G. R., and Faulk, R. T., 1983. The role of suspended sediments in the nutrition of zooplankton in turbid reservoirs. Ecology, 64(5), 1225–1235.

Kirk, K. L., and Gilbert, J. J., 1990. Suspended clay and the population dynamics of planktonic rotifers and cladocerans. Ecology, 71(5), 1741–1755.

MacKenzie, B. R., and Kiørboe, T., 2000. Larval fish feeding and turbulence: a case for the downside. Limnology and Oceanography, 45(1), 1–10.

Salonen, M., and Engström-Öst, J., 2013. Growth of pike larvae: effects of prey, turbidity and food quality. Hydrobiologia, 717(1), 169–175.

Suursaar, Ü., Kutser, T., Aps, R., Kullas, T., Vahtmäe, E., Metsamaa, L., and Otsmann, M., 2009. Hydrodynamically induced or modified patterns derived from satellite images in the coastal waters of Estonia. Journal of Coastal Research, (56), 1602–1606.

Kratzer S., and Tett P., 2009. Using bio-optics to investigate the extent of coastal waters: A Swedish case study. In: Andersen, J. H., Conley, D. J., (eds) Eutrophication in Coastal Ecosystems. Developments in Hydrobiology, vol. 207. Springer, Dordrecht.

Kyryliuk, D., and Kratzer, S., 2016. Total suspended matter derived from MERIS data as indicator for coastal processes in the Baltic Sea. Ocean Science Discussions, 1–30.

Nechad, B., Ruddick, K. G., and Park, Y., 2010. Calibration and validation of a generic multisensor algorithm for mapping of total suspended matter in turbid waters. Remote Sensing of Environment, 114(4), 854–866.

Duy Vinh, V., Ouillon, S., and Van Uu, D., 2018. Estuarine Turbidity Maxima and variations of aggregate parameters in the Cam-Nam Trieu estuary, North Vietnam, in early wet season. Water, 10(1), 68.

Vietnam maritime administration (Vinamarine), 2017. Approved planning for dredging in Hai Phong port. Available online: http://www.vinamarine.gov.vn; accessed July 29, 2017. http://www.vinamarine.gov.vn; accessed July 29, 2017.">

Vuong, B. V., Liu, Z. F., Thanh, T. D., and Khang, N. D., 2013. Initial results of study in sedimentation rate and geochronology of modern sediments in the Bach Dang estuary by the methods of 210Pb and 137Cs radio tracer. In Proceedings of the Second National Scientific Conference on Marine Geology, Ha Noi-Ha Long, Vietnam (pp. 10–11).

Thanh, T. D., Can, N., Nga, D. D., and Huy, D. V., 2004. Coastal development and sea level change during Holocene in Hai Phong area. Vietnam Journal of Marine Science and Technology, 3, 25–42.

Vinh, V. D., and Thanh, T. D., 2012. Aplication numerical model to study on maximum turbidity zones in Bach Dang estuary. Vietnam Journal of Marine Science and Technology, 12(3), 1–11.

Vinh, V. D., and Van Uu, D., 2013. The influence of wind and oceanographic factors on characteristics of suspended sediment transport in Bach Dang estuary. Vietnam Journal of Marine Science and Technology, 13(3), 216–226.

Lefebvre, J. P., Ouillon, S., Vinh, V. D., Arfi, R., Panché, J. Y., Mari, X., Thuoc, C. V., and Torréton, J. P., 2012. Seasonal variability of cohesive sediment aggregation in the Bach Dang–Cam Estuary, Hai Phong (Vietnam). Geo-Marine Letters, 32(2), 103–121.

Vinh, V. D., Ouillon, S., Thanh, T. D., and Chu, L. V., 2014. Impact of the Hoa Binh dam (Vietnam) on water and sediment budgets in the Red River basin and delta. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 18(10), 3987–4005.

Vinh, V. D., and Lan, T. D., 2018. Influences of the wave conditions on the characteristics of sediments transport and morphological change in the Hai Phong coastal area. Vietnam Journal of Marine Science and Technology, 18(1), 10–26.

Vinh, V. D., Hai, N. M., and Lan, T. D., 2019. Proposal for appropriate solutions to reduce influences of sediment dumping activities in the Hai Phong open waters. Vietnam Journal of Marine Science and Technology, 19(2), 199–213.

Vant, W. N., and Davies‐Colley, R. J., 1984. Factors affecting clarity of New Zealand lakes. New Zealand journal of marine and freshwater research, 18(3), 367–377.

Wass, P. D., and Leeks, G. J., 1999. Suspended sediment fluxes in the Humber catchment, UK. Hydrological Processes, 13(7), 935–953.

Christiansen, V. G., Ziegler, A. C., and Xiaodong, J., 2001. Continuous turbidity monitoring and regression analysis to estimate total suspended solids and fecal coliform bacteria loads in real time. Proceedings of the 7th Federal Interagency Sedimentation Conference, March 25–29, 2001, Reno, Nevada, vol. I, pp. III-94–III-101.

Gippel, C. J., 1989. The use of turbidity instruments to measure stream water suspended sediment concentration, Monograph Series No. 4. Department of Geography and Oceanography, University College, Canberra, ACT.

Newcombe, C. P., and Mac Donald, D. D., 1994. Suspended sediment in aquatic ecosystems: ill effects as a function of concentration and duration of exposure. British Columbia Ministry of Environment, Land and Parks, Habitat Protection Branch, Victoria. British Columbia.

Newcombe, C. P., and Jensen, J. O., 1996. Channel suspended sediment and fisheries: a synthesis for quantitative assessment of risk and impact. North American Journal of Fisheries Management, 16(4), 693–727.

Uncles, R. J., and Stephens, J. A., 2010. Turbidity and sediment transport in a muddy sub-estuary. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 87(2), 213–224.

Sun, H., Cornish, P. S., and Daniell, T. M., 2001. Turbidity-based erosion estimation in a catchment in South Australia. Journal of Hydrology, 253(1–4), 227–238.

Yusop, Z., 1990. Effects of Logging on Streamwater Quality and Solute Input-output Budgets in Small Watersheds in Peninsular Malaysia. Doctoral dissertation, Universiti Pertanian Malaysia.

Ellison, C. A., Kiesling, R. L., and Fallon, J. D., 2010. Correlating streamflow, turbidity, and suspended-sediment concentration in Minnesota’s Wild Rice River. In 2nd Joint Federal Interagency Conference (vol. 10).

Teixeira, L. C., de Paiva, J. B. D., da Silva Pereira, J. E., and de Moura Lisbôa, R., 2016. Relationship between turbidity and suspended sediment concentration from a small hydrographic basin in Santa Maria (Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil). International Journal of River Basin Management, 14(4), 393–399.

Rasmussen, T. C., 1995. Erosion and sedimentation: scientific and regulatory issues. Report developed by Georgia Board of Regents scientific panel on evaluating the erosion measurement standard defined by the Georgia Erosion Sedimentation Act. Proceedings of the 1995 Georgia Water Resources Conference, held April 11 and 12, 1995, at The University of Georgia, Kathryn J. Hatcher, Editor, Carl Vinson Institute of Government, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia. pp. 1–7.

Gippel, C. J., 1995. Potential of turbidity monitoring for measuring the transport of suspended solids in streams. Hydrological processes, 9(1), 83–97.

Bunt, J. A., Larcombe, P., and Jago, C. F., 1999. Quantifying the response of optical backscatter devices and transmissometers to variations in suspended particulate matter. Continental shelf research, 19(9), 1199–1220.

Sadar, M. J., 1998. Turbidity science. Technical Information Series—Booklet no. 11. Hach Co. Loveland CO, 7, 8.