Faecal contamination and its relationship with some environmental variables of four urban rivers in inner Hanoi city, Vietnam

Da Le Nhu; Huong Nguyen Thi Mai; Ha Hoang Thi Thu; Thuy Duong Thi; Binh Phung Thi Xuan; Huong Pham Thi Mai; Hanh Pham Thi Minh; Quynh Le Thi Phuong

doi:10.15625/2615-9783/19327

Author affiliations

Authors

Le Nhu Da 1-Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Natural Products Chemistry, VAST, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam; 2-Graduate University of Science and Technology, VAST, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
Nguyen Thi Mai Huong Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Natural Products Chemistry, VAST, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
Hoang Thi Thu Ha Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Natural Products Chemistry, VAST, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
Duong Thi Thuy Institute of Environmental Technology, VAST, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
Phung Thi Xuan Binh Electric Power University, Bac Tu Liem, Hanoi, Vietnam
Pham Thi Mai Huong Hanoi University of Industry, Bac Tu Liem, Hanoi, Vietnam
Pham Thi Minh Hanh Institute of Mechanics, VAST, Ba Dinh, Hanoi, Vietnam
Le Thi Phuong Quynh 1-Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Natural Products Chemistry, VAST, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam; 2-Graduate University of Science and Technology, VAST, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15625/2615-9783/19327

Keywords:

Total coliforms, faecal coliforms, Hanoi city, water quality, point sources, wastewater

Abstract

Coliform bacteria are essential variables for assessing riverine water quality. In this study, the faecal indicator bacteria (FIB) in relationship with some physico-chemical variables were investigated during the period 2020-2022 for four urban rivers (To Lich, Lu, Set, and Kim Nguu) in the inner Hanoi city to provide the updated water quality of these rivers. The results demonstrated severe faecal coliforms contamination in riverine waters compared to the permissible values of the Vietnam technical regulation for surface water quality, QCVN08-MT:2015/BTNMT column B1. Nutrients (ammonium and phosphate) concentrations and dissolved oxygen (DO) values exceeded the permissible values, whereas pH was within the standard. The Pearson analysis demonstrated the significant positive correlation between total coliforms (TC) and Escherichia coli (EC) densities and ammonium concentration in the riverine water. Besides, these variables were higher in the dry season than the rainy one for all sites observed. All these reflect the critical role of the point sources, notably domestic wastewater inputs in the four river basins. Considering these rivers' deteriorating condition, developing an effective wastewater treatment system is necessary for the rivers in Hanoi.

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