Upgrading the Vietnam semi-quantitative soil classification system
Author affiliations
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15625/2615-9783/17245Keywords:
international exchangeable, semi-quantitative, soil classification system, diagnostic horizons, diagnostic properties, diagnostic materials, VietnamAbstract
A quantitative soil classification system (SCS) has been the aim of generations of Vietnam soil scientists. The SCS is a system of harmonizing the traditional Vietnam SCSs and creating a capability for international exchange. Up to now, there are three partially developed Vietnam official SCSs and three Vietnam semi-quantitative ones. This article aims to upgrade the Vietnam semi-quantitative SCS based on Vietnam's traditional pedogenetic (qualitative) and the World Reference Base for Soil Resources in 2014 (quantitative). For this purpose, a study was conducted to compare and analyze the correlation between the published Vietnam semi-quantitative SCSs and the official ones. Six SCSs were compared and analyzed. The results show that the Vietnam semi-quantitative SCS-2006 was selected to continue adapting and updating. Apart from the necessary adjustments, the study added 12 diagnostic horizons, 4 diagnostic properties, 2 diagnostic materials, 2 soil groups, 11 soil types, and 37 soil sub-types in the Vietnam semi-quantitative SCS-2006. Finally, the Vietnam semi-quantitative SCS includes 25 soil groups, 86 soil types, 492 soil sub-types with 30 diagnostic horizons, 7 diagnostic properties, 6 diagnostic materials, 58 qualifiers, and 9 criteria for defining soil varieties. The system keeps the traditional aspects of Vietnam's official SCSs and allows the exchange of international soil information.
Downloads
References
Duong Thanh Nam, Nguyen Van Toan, Tran Van Chinh, 2009. Differentiation characteristics of soil groups in the upland areas of Thai Nguyen province following FAO-UNESCO-WRB quantitative classification. Vietnam Soil Science, 34, 32-37 (in Vietnamese).
FAO, 2014. World reference base for soil resources 2014: International soil classification system for naming soils and creating legends for soil maps. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Rome, Italy.
Fridland V.M., Vu Ngoc Tuyen, Pham Tam, Nguyen Dinh Toai, 1959. The legend of the soil map of North Vietnam at scale 1:1.000.000. Academy of Agriculture and Forestry, Hanoi, 130p (in Vietnamese).
Gerasimova M.I., 2010. Chinese Soil Taxonomy: Between the American and the International Classification Systems. Eurasian Soil Science, 43(8), 945-949.
Hiroshi O., Yuji M., Kazunori K., Toshiaki O., Yusuke T., 2015. Review “Outline of the Comprehensive Soil Classification System of Japan - First Approximation”. Japan Agricultural Research Quarterly, 49(3), 217-226.
Ho Quang Duc, 2002. Applying the FAO-UNESCO soil classification system to determine Ferrasols in the North of Vietnam in the yellow-red soil group (Feralit). Ph.D. Thesis. Vietnam Agricultural Academy of Science (in Vietnamese).
Hoang-Cong H., Ngo-Duc T., Nguyen-Thi T., Trinh-Tuan L., Jing Xiang C., Tangang F., Jerasorn S., Phan-Van T., 2022. A high-resolution climate experiment over part of Vietnam and the Lower Mekong Basin: performance evaluation and projection for rainfall. Vietnam Journal of Earth Sciences, 44(1), 92-108. https://doi.org/10.15625/2615-9783/16942.
Huang J., Ebach M.C., Triantafilis J., 2017. Cladistic analysis of Chinese Soil Taxonomy. Geoderma Regional, 10, 11-20.
Le Thai Bat, Luyen Huu Cu, 2007. Soil classification after FAO-UNESCO quantitative approaches for Ha Lang district, Cao Bang province. Vietnam Soil Science, 27, 28-33 (in Vietnamese).
Mehba O.P., Jackson M.L., 1960. Iron oxide removal from soils and clays by a dithionite-citrate system buffered with sodium bicarbonate. The Seventh National Conference on Clays and Clay Minerals. The University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin.
Ministry of Science and Technology of Vietnam (MOST), 2012. Procedure for investigating soil mapping at medium and large scale (TCVN- 9487:2012). Ministry of Science and Technology of Vietnam (in Vietnamese).
Moormann F.R., 1961. The soils of the Republic of Viet-Nam: a reconnaissance survey with general soil map and description of the major soils in relation with their agricultural use and potential. Directorate of Studies and Research in Agronomy, Forestry, and Animal Husbandry.
National Institute of Agricultural Planning and Projection (NIAPP), 2005. Research methods for defining and presenting units of soil classification in maps at a scale of 1:50.000-1:100.000. The Project Report. Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (in Vietnamese).
Nguyen Van Hoang, Le Quang Dao, Dong Thu Van, Pham Lan Hoa, 2020. Heavy metal contamination of soil based on pollution, geo-accumulation indices, and enrichment factor in Phan Me coal mine area, Thai Nguyen province, Vietnam. Vietnam Journal of Earth Sciences, 42(2), 105-117. Doi: 10.15625/0866-7187/42/2/14950.
Nguyen Van Toan, 2015. Soil classification of North-Eastern hilly area using FAO-WRB quantitative method. Vietnam Soil Science, 46, 11-16 (in Vietnamese).
Nguyen Van Toan, Tran Mau Tan, Dang Minh Ton, 2015. Soil survey, classification, and mapping following FAO-UNESCO-WRB method in Tuyen Quang province. Vietnam Soil Science, 45, 5-10 (in Vietnamese).
Nguyen-Ngoc-Bich P., Phan-Van T., Trinh-Tuan L., T. Tangang F., Cruz F., Santisirisomboon J., Juneng L., Xiang Chung J., Aldrian E., 2022. Projected future changes in drought characteristics over Southeast Asia. Vietnam Journal of Earth Sciences, 44(1), 127-143. https://doi.org/10.15625/2615-9783/16974.
Otto W., 1997. Soil Classification of the Federal Republic of Germany. Working Group on Soil Classification of the German Soil Science Society, 23p.
Pham-Thi T.-H., Matsumoto J., Nodzu M.I., 2022. Evaluation of the Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation (GSMaP) data on sub-daily rainfall patterns in Vietnam. Vietnam Journal of Earth Sciences, 44(1), 33-54. https://doi.org/10.15625/2615-9783/16594.
Seghal J., 1989. Classification and correlation of the Vietnamese soils. Technical Report. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Rome, Italy, 136p.
Shishov L.L, Tonkonogov V.D., Gerasimova M.I., Lebedeva I.I., 2005. New Classification System of Russian Soils. Eurasian Soil Science, 38, 35-43.
Soils and Fertilizers Research Institute (SFRI), 1998. Analysis handbook for soils, water, fertilizers, crops. Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (in Vietnamese).
Soils and Fertilizers Research Institute (SFRI), 2006. Development and establishment of Vietnam soil classification system for mapping soils at medium and large scale. The Project Final Report. Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (in Vietnamese).
Sullivan L.A., Bush R.T., McConchie D., 2000. A modified chromium reducible sulfur method for reduced inorganic sulfur: optimum reaction time in acid sulfate soil. Australian Journal of Soil Research, 38, 729-34.
Ton That Chieu, 1992. Initial results refer to applied studies of soil classification based on FAO-UNESCO nomenclature. Vietnam Soil Science, 2, 18-23 (in Vietnamese).
Truong Xuan Cuong, Ho Quang Duc, Nguyen Manh Hung, 2007. Application of FAO-UNESCO-WRB method for soil survey and classification in Ha Nam province. Vietnam Soil Science, 27, 21-25 (in Vietnamese).
United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), 1999. Soil Taxonomy: A Basic System of Soil Classification for Making and Interpreting Soil Surveys. Agriculture Handbook Number 436 (Second edition).
Vietnam Soil Science Society (ASSS), 2000. Vietnam soils. Agricultural Publisher, Hanoi, 411p (in Vietnamese).
Vo Tong Xuan, Le Quang Tri, Vo Tong Anh, Tran Kim Tinh, Nguyen Bao Ve, 1994. Classification of acid sulfate soils of the Mekong delta based on the revised legend of the world soil map FAO-UNESCO. Vietnam Soil Science, 4, 4-9 (in Vietnamese).
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
