Upwelling phenomenon in the marine regions of Southern Central of Vietnam: a review

Hong Long Bui; Minh Thu Phan

doi:10.15625/1859-3097/17231

Author affiliations

Authors

Bui Hong Long Institute of Oceanography, VAST, Vietnam
Phan Minh Thu Institute of Oceanography, VAST, Vietnam

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15625/1859-3097/17231

Keywords:

Upwelling phenomenon, natural resources, East Vietnam Sea, Bien Dong.

Abstract

Upwelling is an oceanographic phenomenon that involves the physical process and contributes to changes in chemistry, biology, and natural resources. So, systematically, it is the particular ecosystems of whole marine regions with the upwelling. The strong upwelling waters in South Central Regions of Vietnam have uncertain features of the East Vietnam Sea (Bien Dong) and special characteristics of a coastal upwelling area, recorded in international scientific papers in the twentieth century. Their first signals were discovered in the early 1930s through conceptual ideas. The upwelling phenomenon is officially confirmed by scientific results of marine investigations of the NAGA Expedition (1959–1961). The paper aims to review and discuss the physical from Vietnamese investigation and results since 1990s. The following factors are the most contributing to forming and developing the strong upwelling in Southern Central Waters: (1) Influence scale (Mezo- and micro-scale); (2) Forming causes and developing mechanism of upwelling phenomenon, such as monsoon, morphography, shoreline, and western boundary current system of the East Vietnam Sea; (3) Influence of the water-mass from Mekong River on the upwelling area; (4) Ecological environmental consequences; (5) Impacts of the atmospheric-oceanic interaction processes on the western EVS on upwelling. Additionally, the review has targeted findings of upwelling phenomenon mainly in Vietnamese waters based on remote sensing analysis and reanalysis data series to simulate their forming, mechanizing, fluctuating models and the impacts of upwelling in the EVS on resources and ecosystems. The coupled atmosphere-ocean models resulted the upwelling mechanisms and formation. The long-time series of upwelling phenomenon (Macroscale) were evaluated by remote sensing and reanalyzed data series. It is also providing the supplementing and detailing causes and mechanisms of upwelling formation; impacts and interactions of upwelling on marine physics and hydrodynamics (ocean vortexes, seawater temperature), biochemical (nutrients, plankton organisms), and resources (fish, seafood). Within the framework of strong upwelling waters in the Southern Central Regions (Vietnam), the review has not only mentioned partly clarified scientific results but also indicates the limitations and challenges which were faced and encountered in the forecasters of upwelling phenomena in the future.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

References

Fairbridge, R. W., 1966. The Encyclopedia of Oceanography, Reinhold Pub. Corp. NY. 1021 p.

Kämpf, J., and Chapman, P., 2016. Upwelling Systems of the World: A Scientific Journey to the Most Productive Marine Ecosystems. Springer.

Zexun, W., Chunyan, L., Guohong, F., and Xinyi, W., 2003. Numerical diagnostic study of the summertime circulation in the Bohai Sea and the water transport in the Bohai Strait. Advances in Marine Science, 21(4), 454–464.

Lü, X., Qiao, F., Wang, G., Xia, C., and Yuan, Y., 2008. Upwelling off the west coast of Hainan Island in summer: Its detection and mechanisms. Geophysical Research Letters, 35, L02604.

Malaysia, P. T. S., Daryabor, F., Tangang, F., and Juneng, L., 2014. Simulation of Southwest monsoon current circulation and temperature in the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia. Sains Malaysiana, 43(3), 389–398.

Abdul-Hadi, A., Mansor, S., Pradhan, B., and Tan, C. K., 2013. Seasonal variability of chlorophyll-a and oceanographic conditions in Sabah waters in relation to Asian monsoon—a remote sensing study. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 185(5), 3977–3991.

Hu, J., and Wang, X. H., 2016. Progress on upwelling studies in the China seas. Reviews of Geophysics, 54(3), 653–673.

Wyrtki, K., 1961. Physical oceanography of the Southeast Asian waters. Naga Report Volume 2: Scientific Results of Marine Investigations of the South China Sea and the Gulf Of Thailand 1959–1961. UC San Diego, SIO, La Jolla, California.

Robinson, M. K., 1974. The physical oceanography of the Gulf of Thailand, Naga Expedition; Bathythermograph (BT) temperature observations in the Timor sea, Naga Expedition, Cruise S11. Scripps Institution of Oceanography, UC San Diego, Naga Report 3 part 1. pp. 27–28.

Lafond, E. C., 1963. Physical oceanography and its relation to the marine organic production in the South China Sea. In Ecology of the Gulf of Thailand and the South China Sea. A report on the results of the NAGA expedition, 1959–1961, Southeast Asia research program, University of California, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, California. pp. 5–33.

Lanh, V. V., An, N. T., Luc, N. V., Trinh, L. P., Phung, N. H., and Vinh, N. K., 1997. The collection on strong upwelling waters in the South Central region. Science and Technics Publishing House. (in Vietnamese).

Long, B. H., and Van Chung, T., 2010. Some experimental calculations for 3D currents in the strong upwelling region of Southern Central Vietnam using finite element method. Marine biodiversity of East Asian Seas: Status, challenges and sustainable development, 165–177.

To, D. T., Bui, H. L., Nguyen, V. T., Nguyen, C. C., Phan, T. B., Nguyen, T. T. H., Nguyen, D. T., and Nguyen, T. T. D., 2018. Some study results on the characteristics and variability of water masses in the South Central Vietnam. Vietnam Journal of Marine Science and Technology, 18(4A), 1–12.

Shaw, P. T., and Chao, S. Y., 1994. Surface circulation in the South China sea. Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers, 41(11–12), 1663–1683.

Chu, P. C., Edmons, N. L., and Fan, C., 1999. Dynamical mechanisms for the South China Sea seasonal circulation and thermohaline variabilities. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 29(11), 2971–2989.

Li, L. (2000). Seasonal circulation in the South China Sea-a TOPEX/POSEIDON altimetry study. Acta Oceanol Sin, 22(6), 13–26.

Yang, H., Liu, Q., Liu, Z., Wang, D., and Liu, X., 2002. A general circulation model study of the dynamics of the upper ocean circulation of the South China Sea. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 107(C7), 3085.

Xue, H., Chai, F., Pettigrew, N., Xu, D., Shi, M., and Xu, J., 2004. Kuroshio intrusion and the circulation in the South China Sea. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 109(C2).

Qiu, D., Yang, T., and Guo, Z., 1984. A westward current in the northeastern part of the South China Sea. Tropic Oceanology, 33, 65–73.

Huang, Q. Z., 1997. A westward current that flows through the north of the Dongsha Islands in summer. Tropic Oceanology, 16(2), 58–66.

Jilan, S., 2004. Overview of the South China Sea circulation and its influence on the coastal physical oceanography outside the Pearl River Estuary. Continental Shelf Research, 24(16), 1745–1760.

Wang, G., Chen, D., and Su, J., 2006. Generation and life cycle of the dipole in the South China Sea summer circulation. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 111(C6).

Cai, S., Long, X., and Wang, S., 2007. A model study of the summer Southeast Vietnam Offshore Current in the southern South China Sea. Continental Shelf Research, 27(18), 2357–2372.

Lanh, V. V., 1995. Thermohaline structure and water masses of South China Sea. Collection of Marine Research Works, 6, 25–35.

Bui, H. L., Nguyen, N. L., Polhmann, T., Voss, M., and Wiesner, M., 2008. The Vietnamese–German protocol cooperation programme in marine sciences during 2003–2006: archives from the study on upwelling in South Central Coast of Vietnam. Proceedings of National Conference ‘Bien Dong - 2007’, Sept. 12–14, 2007, Nha Trang. pp. 3–14. (in Vietnamese).

Long, B. H., 2009. The phenomenon of rising water in Vietnamese waters. Publishing House for Science and Technology. (in Vietnamese).

Long, B. H., 2009. Upwelling phenomenon in the marine region of Southern Vietnam. Publishing House for Science and Technology. 210 p. (in Vietnamese).

Zheng, Q., Fang, G., & Song, Y. T. (2006). Introduction to special section: dynamics and circulation of the Yellow, East, and South China Seas. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 111(C11).

Zheng, Q., Xie, L., Xiong, X., Hu, X., and Chen, L., 2020. Progress in research of submesoscale processes in the South China Sea. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 39(1), 1–13.

Bolton, A., Goodkin, N. F., Druffel, E. R., Griffin, S., and Murty, S. A., 2016. Upwelling of Pacific intermediate water in the South China Sea revealed by coral radiocarbon record. Radiocarbon, 58(1), 37–53.

Wu, C. R., Wang, L. C., Wang, Y. L., Lin, Y. F., Chiang, T. L., and Hsin, Y. C., 2019. Coherent response of Vietnam and Sumatra-Java upwellings to cross-equatorial winds. Scientific reports, 9(1), 1–7.

Xiao, F., Wu, Z., Lyu, Y., and Zhang, Y., 2020. Abnormal strong upwelling off the coast of southeast vietnam in the late summer of 2016: a comparison with the case in 1998. Atmosphere, 11(9), 940. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos11090940

Xu, D., Qiu, C., and Yan, Y., 2019. Role of the south china sea summer upwelling in tropical cyclone intensity. American Journal of Climate Change, 8(01), 90170.

Zheng, Z. W., Zheng, Q., Kuo, Y. C., Gopalakrishnan, G., Lee, C. Y., Ho, C. R., Kuo, N. J., and Huang, S. J., 2016. Impacts of coastal upwelling off east Vietnam on the regional winds system: An air-sea-land interaction. Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans, 76, 105–115.