Study on the year-round fluctuation of total lipid content and lipid classes composition in soft coral \(\textit{Sinularia flexibilis}\) from Nha Trang, Khanh Hoa coastal area

Kim Dung Dao Thi; Quan Pham Minh; Long Pham Quoc; Nga Nguyen Thi; Tu Dinh Thi; Sikorskaya T. V.; Ermolenko E. V.; Phuong Ly Dang Thi; Hung Nguyen Anh

doi:10.15625/1859-3097/17036

Author affiliations

Authors

Dao Thi Kim Dung Institute of Natural Products Chemistry, VAST, Vietnam; Graduate University of Science and Technology, VAST, Vietnam
Pham Minh Quan Institute of Natural Products Chemistry, VAST, Vietnam; Graduate University of Science and Technology, VAST, Vietnam
Pham Quoc Long Institute of Natural Products Chemistry, VAST, Vietnam; Graduate University of Science and Technology, VAST, Vietnam
Nguyen Thi Nga Institute of Natural Products Chemistry, VAST, Vietnam; Graduate University of Science and Technology, VAST, Vietnam
Dinh Thi Tu Institute of Natural Products Chemistry, VAST, Vietnam
Sikorskaya T. V. National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russian Federation
Ermolenko E. V. National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russian Federation
Dang Thi Phuong Ly Institute of Natural Products Chemistry, VAST, Vietnam; Graduate University of Science and Technology, VAST, Vietnam
Nguyen Anh Hung Faculty of Chemistry, Hanoi Pedagogical University 2, Vinh Phuc, Vietnam

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15625/1859-3097/17036

Keywords:

Lipid, lipid class, total lipid, coral, Sinularia flexibilis.

Abstract

Samples of soft coral Sinularia flexibilis were collected for one year, from January to December, in the Nha Trang coastal area, Khanh Hoa province, to assess the month-by-month fluctuation of total lipid content and lipid classes composition in this species. Full lipid content reached the highest value from March to May, lower in the period of June-September, and bottomed in October and November. There was a significant decrease in this content between May and June, September and October; the content increased from February to March but was not stable from October to February. The lipid classes composition of Sinularia flexibilis includes polar lipids (PL), sterols (ST), triacylglycerol (TAG), monoalkyldiacyl-glycerol (MADAG), wax (W), and free fatty acids (FFA). The concentration of PL in summer (April-August) was lower than that in winter (September-February); this content increased significantly during November-December; meanwhile, it was observed to decrease in April-May, December-January. The content of ST increased from October to March and declined from April to September. The remaining classes, including W, MADAG, and TAG, tend to grow in the summer and decline in the other months. The fluctuation of lipid class composition throughout the year is closely related to zooxanthellae microalgae in corals at different times of the year and is directly influenced by environmental conditions, especially seawater temperature. Besides, this coral’s maturation and reproduction effect with the increase or release of reproductive materials was also observed.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

References

Collins, A., 1993. Toxins and targets: Effects of natural and synthetic poisons on living cells and fragile ecosystems. Edited by D. Watters, M. Lavin, D. Maguire & J. Pearn. Harwood Academic Publishers, Chur, 1992. ISBN 3-7186-5194-7.

Tursch, B., Braekman, J. C., Daloze, D., Hérin, M., Karlsson, R., and Losman, D., 1975. Chemical studies of marine invertebrates—XI: sinulariolide, a new cembranolide diterpene from the soft coral Sinularia flexibilis (coelenterata, octocorallia, alcyonacea). Tetrahedron, 31(2), 129–133.

Hamada, T., Kusumi, T., Ishitsuka, M. O., and Kakisawa, H., 1992. Structures and absolute configurations of new lobane diterpenoids from the Okinawan soft coral Sinularia flexibilis. Chemistry letters, 21(1), 33–36.

Su, J. Y., Kuang, Y. Y., Zeng, L. M., and Li, H., 2005. New tetracyclic diterpenoid and new ceramides from the soft coral Sinularia conferta. Journal of Asian natural products research, 7(2), 107–113.

Khalesi, M. K., Beeftink, R. H., and Wijffels, R. H., 2008. The soft coral Sinularia flexibilis: potential for drug development. Advances in coral husbandry in public aquariums, 2, 47–60.

Wang, J., Su, P., Gu, Q., Li, W. D., Guo, J. L., Qiao, W., Feng, D. Q., and Tang, S. A., 2017. Antifouling activity against bryozoan and barnacle by cembrane diterpenes from the soft coral Sinularia flexibilis. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 120, 97–103.

Shih, H. J., Tseng, Y. J., Huang, C. Y., Wen, Z. H., Dai, C. F., and Sheu, J. H., 2012. Cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory diterpenoids from the Dongsha Atoll soft coral Sinularia flexibilis. Tetrahedron, 68(1), 244–249.

Chen, W. T., Li, Y., and Guo, Y. W., 2012. Terpenoids of Sinularia soft corals: Chemistry and bioactivity. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B, 2(3), 227–237.

Hu, L. C., Yen, W. H., Su, J. H., Chiang, M. Y. N., Wen, Z. H., Chen, W. F., Lu, T. J., Chang, Y. W., Chen, Y. H., Wang, W. H., WWu, Y. C., and Sung, P. J., 2013. Cembrane derivatives from the soft corals, Sinularia gaweli and Sinularia flexibilis. Marine Drugs, 11(6), 2154–2167.

Chen, W. T., Liu, H. L., Yao, L. G., and Guo, Y. W., 2014. 9, 11-Secosteroids and polyhydroxylated steroids from two South China Sea soft corals Sarcophyton trocheliophorum and Sinularia flexibilis. Steroids, 92, 56–61.

Imbs, A. B., Yakovleva, I. M., and Pham, L. Q., 2010. Distribution of lipids and fatty acids in the zooxanthellae and host of the soft coral Sinularia sp. Fisheries Science, 76(2), 375–380.

Ly, D. T. P., Quan, P. M., Nga, N. T., Huong, T. T. T., and Borisovich A. I., 2021. Study the molecule species of phosphatidylethanolamine class in soft coral Sinularia flexibilis lipid at different times of the year. Vietnam Journal of Marine Science and Technology, 21(2), 1–8.

Folch, J., Lees, M., and Sloane Stanley, G. H., 1957. A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipids from animal tissues. J. Biol. Chem., 226(1), 497–509.

Phattanawasin, P., Sotanaphun, U., Sriphong, L., Kanchanaphibool, I., and Piyapolrungroj, N. (2011). A comparison of image analysis software for quantitative TLC of ceftriaxone sodium. Science, Engineering and Health Studies, 5(1), 7–13.

Nha Trang Sea Temperature, Global Sea Temperature, 2020. https://www.seatem-perature.org/asia/vietnam/nhatrang.htm. Accessed February 10, 2020.

Imbs, A. B., Latyshev, N. A., Dautova, T. N., and Latypov, Y. Y., 2010. Distribution of lipids and fatty acids in corals by their taxonomic position and presence of zooxanthellae. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 409, 65–75.

Rodrigues, L. J., Grottoli, A. G., and Pease, T. K., 2008. Lipid class composition of bleached and recovering Porites compressa Dana, 1846 and Montipora capitata Dana, 1846 corals from Hawaii. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 358(2), 136–143.

Haris, A., 2011. Study on Several Reproductive Aspects of Soft Coral Sinularia Flexibilis Quoy & Gaimard in Barrang Lompo Island, Spermonde Archipelago, Makassar City. Bionatura, 13(3), 209–216.

Bastidas, C., Benzie, J. A. H., Uthicke, S., and Fabricius, K. E., 2001. Genetic differentiation among populations of a broadcast spawning soft coral, Sinularia flexibilis, on the Great Barrier Reef. Marine Biology, 138(3), 517–525.

Figueiredo, J., Baird, A. H., Cohen, M. F., Flot, J. F., Kamiki, T., Meziane, T., Tsuchiya, T., and Yamasaki, H., 2012. Ontogenetic change in the lipid and fatty acid composition of scleractinian coral larvae. Coral Reefs, 31(2), 613–619.

Viladrich, N., Bramanti, L., Tsounis, G., Chocarro, B., Martínez-Quitana, A., Ambroso, S., Madurell, T., a Rossi, S., 2016. Variation in lipid and free fatty acid content during spawning in two temperate octocorals with different reproductive strategies: surface versus internal brooder. Coral Reefs, 35(3), 1033–1045.