Uptake capacity of metals (Al, Cu, Pb, Sn, Zn) by Vetiveria Zizanioides in contaminated water in the Dong Xam metal production trade village, Thai Binh, Vietnam

Abstract

This study presents an experiment of metal contaminated water treatment under controlled environment conditions to investigate the uptake capacity of metals by Vetiveria Zizanioides to treat contaminated water from a metal production trade village, Dong Xam, Thai Binh, Vietnam. Vetiver was grown in two pot culture experiments TB10, TB6 with solutions containing respective concentrations of Al, Cu, Pb, Sn and Zn of 2.5, 55.6, 0.15, 7.7 and 24.4 mg from contaminated water in the Dong Xam metal production trade village for a period of 36 days.

Vetiver has the higher tolerance to Al, Cu, Pb, Sn and Zn than other plant species. The roots (hereafter R) are high Al hyperaccumulators, concentrating 17 up to 30 folds more than “reference plant”. The upper parts of shoots (hereafter S1, S2, and S3) are 1.2 folds higher. Cu concentration in the root and shoot is up to 660 and 46.2 mg/kg, respectively. Vetiver can withstand and survive at Cu concentration of 46 mg/L in contaminated water that is markedly higher than other plants that can last only in solution with Cu concentration ranging 20-100 mg/kg. The translocation of Pb from root to shoot was 41%. Sn is more accumulated in the top, in which shoot/root ratio varied from 82% to 277% in the top, and increased to the top (by order S3/R>S2/R>S1/R). Zn could be translocated from roots and accumulated in shoots of vetiver. The ratio shoot/root obtains up to 46%. The present results demonstrated that vetiver had the high tolerance to trace metals Al, Cu, Pb, Sn and Zn in vegetation. This plant has a potential phytoremediation of metals in contaminated soil and wastewater from trade villages of Vietnam and other countries.

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