Macro- and meso- marine debris on beaches in Khanh Hoa Province, Vietnam: density, composition, and pollution indicators

Thi Lim Duong; Dinh Cham Dao; Lan Huong Nguyen Thi; Thi Hue Nguyen; Tran Quan Dang; Huong Thuy Nguyen Thi; Thu Thuy Tran; Minh Trang Trinh Thi; Thi Dung Pham; Ngoc Nhiem Dao; Quang Bac Nguyen; Cong Dien Duong

doi:10.15625/1859-3097/18234

Author affiliations

Authors

Duong Thi Lim Institute of Geography, VAST, Vietnam
Dao Dinh Cham Institute of Geography, VAST, Vietnam
Nguyen Thi Lan Huong Institute of Geography, VAST, Vietnam
Nguyen Thi Hue Institute of Geography, VAST, Vietnam
Dang Tran Quan Institute of Geography, VAST, Vietnam
Nguyen Thi Huong Thuy Institute of Geography, VAST, Vietnam
Tran Thu Thuy Institute of Geography, VAST, Vietnam
Trinh Thi Minh Trang Institute of Geography, VAST, Vietnam https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1194-7500
Pham Thi Dung Institute of Geography, VAST, Vietnam
Dao Ngoc Nhiem Institute of Material Science, VAST, Vietnam
Nguyen Quang Bac Institute of Material Science, VAST, Vietnam; Graduate University of Science and Technology, VAST, Vietnam
Duong Cong Dien Institute of Mechanics, VAST, Vietnam

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15625/1859-3097/18234

Keywords:

Marine debris, plastic waste, CCI, PAI.

Abstract

Marine debris is a prevalent problem that affects oceans and coastal regions worldwide, particularly beaches. The problem of marine litter pollution is also severe on beaches in Nha Trang. In this study, marine debris with a size ≥ 5 mm was collected at seven locations along the coastline of Nha Trang during both dry and rainy seasons, accruing a total of 4436 items. During the rainy season, most beaches had more debris than that in the dry season, and marine debris density ranged between 0.009 items/m² to 0.418 items/m². Results from the beach cleanliness index (CCI) assessment showed that CCI values ranged from 0.2 to 4.4 during the dry season, with beaches classified as either very clean or clean. Meanwhile, during the rainy season, CCI values ranged from 0.36 to 8.35, resulting in beaches being categorized as very clean, clean, or average. The Plastic Abundance Index (PAI) showed that the PAI ranged from 0.004 to 0.061 during the dry season, while during the rainy season, it ranged from 0.006 to 0.118. PAI values for both seasons indicated low levels of plastic debris distribution on the beaches. However, local authorities and managers need to pay attention to potential sources of pollution, such as waste from food service activities in restaurants, ports and unsustainable waste from aquaculture activities.

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