Molecular phylogeny of Convallarioideae (Asparagaceae), with emphasis on Vietnamese species

Thi Mai Linh Le; Ngoc Sam Ly; Van The Pham; Phuong Hanh Nguyen; Duc Binh Tran; Lina Dong; Leonid V. Averyanov; Noriyuki Tanaka; Sinh Khang Nguyen

doi:10.15625/2615-9023/18765

Author affiliations

Authors

Thi Mai Linh Le Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Ha Noi, Vietnam
Ngoc Sam Ly Institute of Tropical Biology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam; Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Ha Noi, Vietnam
Van The Pham Science and Technology Advanced Institute, Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
Phuong Hanh Nguyen Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Ha Noi, Vietnam
Duc Binh Tran Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Ha Noi, Vietnam
Li-Na Dong Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin 541006, Guangxi, China
Leonid V. Averyanov Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 197376 St. Petersburg, Russia
Noriyuki Tanaka
Khang Sinh Nguyen Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Ha Noi, Vietnam; Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Ha Noi, Vietnam

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15625/2615-9023/18765

Keywords:

Convallarieae, Liriopeae, Nolinoideae, Ophiopogoneae, phylogeny, Theropogon.

Abstract

With the aim of inferring phylogenetic relationships among 86 species (including 45 species from Vietnam) mostly of the subfamily Convallarioideae (=Nolinoideae) (Asparagaceae sensu APG IV), we analyzed their chloroplast DNA sequences (rbcL and trnL-F) by both Bayesian inference (BI) and maximum likelihood (ML) methods. Our dataset included six of the seven tribes classified in this subfamily; Convallarieae, Dracaeneae, Liriopeae Nolineae, Polygonateae and Rusceae (Eriospermeae not examined). Our study supported the sisterhood between Convallarioideae and Asparagoideae and the monophyly of all the tribes except Polygonateae. Within the Convallarioideae we examined, Dracaena formed the basalmost clade. Theropogon did not positively nest in any of the tribes including Convallarieae in which it had often been classified. It was weakly defined as the second basalmost branch. Ruscus (Rusceae) nested in Polygonateae as the sister to Maianthemum, hence Polygonateae was recognized here as paraphyletic. Nolineae was discordant in position between BI and ML analyses, probably reflecting the limited molecular markers we examined. In both BI and ML analyses, all genera of Liriopeae and Convallarieae were monophyletic and their intergeneric relationships were consistent. In Liriopeae, Liriope was sister to the clade of Ophiopogon + Peliosanthes. In Convallarieae, Aspidistra + Tupistra formed the sister clade to Reineckea + Rohdea. Interspecific relationships within these genera were, however, not clearly resolved, except for several pairs of sister species. We also briefly discussed some of the resultant phylogenetic relationships from the morphological and/or evolutionary aspects.

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