Chemical composition of \(\textit{Elsholtzia ciliata}\) (Thunb.) Hyland essential oil in Vietnam with multiple biological utilities: a survey on antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer activities

Khang Luu Tang Phuc; Huu Tai Nguyen; Van Len Cao; Ngoc Thu Phuong Nguyen; Hoang Viet Nguyen; Vinh Truong; Thanh Bach Phan; Tran Thi Phuong Dung; Nguyen Xuan Tong

doi:10.15625/2615-9023/18230

Author affiliations

Authors

Luu Tang Phuc Khang Ho Chi Minh City University of Education, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
Nguyen Huu Tai Ho Chi Minh City University of Education, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
Cao Van Len Ho Chi Minh City University of Education, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
Nguyen Ngoc Thu Phuong Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
Nguyen Hoang Viet Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Can Tho City, Vietnam
Truong Vinh International School Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
Phan Thanh Bach Nong Lam University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
Tran Thi Phuong Dung Ho Chi Minh City University of Education, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
Nguyen Xuan Tong Institute of Environmental Science, Engineering and Management, Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15625/2615-9023/18230

Keywords:

Anticancer, antimicrobial, antioxidant, Elsholtzia ciliata, essential oil.

Abstract

Elsholtzia ciliata (Thunb.) Hyland is commonly known as Vietnamese balm - a spicy, lemon-scented culinary herb in Asian cuisine, especially in Vietnam. The biological activities of E. ciliata essential oils (Ec EOs) in Vietnam have yet to be thoroughly studied and have received less attention than other species of genus Elsholtzia in the world. In this study, we evaluated the antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer of Ec EOs and examined their chemical compositions. Fresh leaves of E. ciliata were hydro-distilled to yield essential oil of 0.82% dry weight, respectively. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses revealed that Ec EOs principally possessed complex mixtures of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes. (Z)-β-Farnesene (22.72%), neral (15.66%), geranial (15.62%), and β-ocimene (13.30%) were the major components of Ec EOs. In the antioxidant assay, the radical scavenging capacities of Ec EOs against DPPH were 26.55 g/L (IC₅₀). In the antimicrobial assay, the evaluation of antimicrobial activity using the agar wells diffusion method showed that Ec EOs in all concentrations was active against the Gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus), Gram-negative bacteria (Proteus mirabilis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae). In the anticancer assay, EcE Os can be toxic to Hep G2 cells with IC₅₀ reaching 0.00204%.

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