Dinoflagellate cysts in surface sediments at Van Phong Bay, Khanh Hoa Province, Vietnam: distribution, abundance and potentially harmful algal blooms

Phan Tan Luom; Doan Nhu Hai; Nguyen Ngoc Lam

doi:10.15625/2615-9023/15404

Author affiliations

Authors

Phan Tan Luom Graduate University of Science and Technology, VAST, Vietnam Institute of Oceanography, VAST, Vietnam https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5754-5779
Doan Nhu Hai Institute of Oceanography, VAST, Vietnam https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4261-7255
Nguyen Ngoc Lam Institute of Oceanography, VAST, Vietnam https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9405-7072

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15625/2615-9023/15404

Keywords:

Dinoflagellate cyst, Protoperidinium cyst, potentially HABs, sediment, Van Phong Bay, Vietnam.

Abstract

Studies on dinoflagellate cysts provide important knowledge on the ecology of dinoflagellates and harmful algal blooms (HABs). In this study, distribution and abundance of dinoflagellate cysts in surface sediments from 17 stations at Van Phong Bay were analyzed. There were 55 different types of cysts representing 3 orders and 18 genera, and 8 unidentified cyst types recorded. Peridiniales was the most diverse order with 29 cyst types, including 20 Protoperidinium cyst types. There were 10 cyst types of 7 potential toxic dinoflagellate species and 4 of bloom forming species found, indicating a potential risk of harmful algal blooms in Van Phong Bay. Number of cyst types and density ranged from 12 to 31 types and from 115 to 3,760 per gram of dry weight sediment, respectively. Cysts of Leonella granifera were dominant at stations in the mouth of the Bay, while Scrippsiella trochoidea cysts dominated at all stations. Shannon diversity index (H') was low, varying from 1.192.72. There were two distinct cyst assemblages identified with 40% Bray-Curtis similarity, assemblage I with 2 stations (VP09 and VP10), and assemblage II with the other stations.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

References

Anderson D. M., 1997. Diversity of harmful algal blooms in coastal waters. Limnol. Oceanogr., 42: 1009–1022.

Anderson D. M., Morell F. M., 1979. The seeding of two red tide blooms by germination of benthic Gonyaulax tamarensis hypocyst. Estuar. Coast. Mar. Sci., 8: 279–293.

Azanza R. V., Siringan F. P., San Diego-Mcglone M. L., Yñiguez A. T., Macalalad N. H., Zamora P. B., Agustin M. B., Matsuoka K., 2004. Horizontal dinoflagellate cyst distribution, sediment characteristics and benthic flux in Manila Bay, Philippines. Phycological Research, 52: 376–386.

Balkis N., Balci M., Giannakourou A., Venetsanopoulou A., Mudie P., 2016. Dinoflagellate resting cysts in recent marine sediments from the Gulf of Gemlik (Marmara Sea, Turkey) and seasonal harmful algal blooms. Phycologia, 55(2): 187–209.

Band-Schmidt C. J., Bustillos-Guzmán J. J., López-Cortés D. J., Gárate-Lizárraga I., Núñez-Vázquez E. J., Hernández-Sandoval F. E., 2010. Ecological and Physiological Studies of Gymnodinium catenatum in the Mexican Pacific: A Review. Mar. Drugs, 8: 1935–1961.

Bolch C. J. S., G. M. Hallegraeff, 1990. Dinoflagellate cysts in recent marine sediments from Tasminia, Australia. Botanica Marina, 33(2): 173–192.

Dale B., 1983. Dinoflagellate resting cysts: benthic plankton. In: G.A. Fryxell (Ed.) Survival strategies of the algae. Cambridge University Press pp. 69–136.

Doan Nhu Hai and Nguyen Ngoc Lam, 2002. Studies of HABs in Vietnamese waters: Screening of Dinoflagellate cyst in sediments for historical blooms in Cam Ranh Bay, Central Vietnam. Proceeding IAEA/RCA Regional Technical Workshop on Radiometric Dating/Cysts Analysis Techniques and Receptor Binding assay for Harmful Algal Blooms Management (C1-RAS/8/076-9009-01). Cheevaporn, V. and Elvira, Z. Sombrito (eds). Burapha University’s workshops, Thailand, pp. 137–144.

Doblin M. A., Blackburn S. I., Hallegraeff G. M., 1999. Comparative study of selenium requirements of three phytoplankton species: Gymnodinium catenatum, Alexandrium minutum (Dinophyta) and Chaetoceros cf. tenuissimus (Bacillariophyta). J. Plankton Res., 21(6): 1153–1169.

Furio E. F., Matsuoka K., Mizushima K., Baula I., Chan K. W., Puyong A., Srivilai D., Sidharta B. R., Fukuyo Y., 2006. Assemblage and geographical distribution of dinoflagellate cysts in surface sediments of coastal waters of Sabah, Malaysia. Coast. Mar. Sci., 30(1): 62–73.

Hai Doan-Nhu, Lam Nguyen-Ngoc, Son Bui-Minh, 2017. Unusual fish killing blooms of Tripos furca in Van Phong Bay, South Vietnam. Harmful Algae News, An IOC Newsletter on Toxic Algae and Algal Blooms, 57: 1–3.

Hallegraeff G. M., 1995. Harmful algal blooms: a global review. In: Hallegraeff G. M., Anderson D. M., Cembella A.D. (Eds.). Manual on Harmful Marine Microalgae. IOC Manuals and Guides No. 33. UNESCO, Paris pp. 1–22.

Kawamura H., 2002. Marine palynological records in the southern South China Sea over the last 44 kyr (Doctoral dissertation, Christian-Albrechts Universität Kiel).

Kawamura H., 2004. Dinoflagellate cyst distribution along a shelf to slope transect of an oligotrophic tropical sea (Sunda Shelf, South China Sea). Phycological Research, 52(4): 355–375.

Li Y., TangYa-Nan, Shen Ping-Ping, Li G., Tan Ye-Hui, 2019. Distribution of harmful dinoflagellate cysts in the surface sediments of Daya Bay of the South China Sea and their relationship to environmental factors. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 139: 44–53.

Lirdwitayaprasit T., 1998. Distribution of dinoflagellate cysts in the surface sediment of the South China Sea, Area II: Sabah, Sarawak and Brunei Darussalam waters. In Proceedings of the second technical seminar on marine fishery resources survey in the South China Sea. Training Department, SEAFDEC, pp. 310–322.

Lirdwitayaprasit T., 1999. Distribution of dinoflagellate cysts in the surface sediment of the South China Sea, Area I: Gulf of Thailand and East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia. In Proceedings of the first technical seminar on marine fishery resources survey in the South China Sea. Training Department, SEAFDEC, pp. 294–309.

Phan Tan Luom, Nguyen Ngoc Lam, Doan Nhu Hai, 2017. Cysts of the genus Protoperidinium species in sediments from coastal waters of Phu Yen, Khanh Hoa and Ninh Thuan provinces, south central Vietnam. Tap chi Sinh hoc, 39(1): 32–39. https://doi.org/10.15625/0866-7160/v39n1.8403 (In Vietnamese with English summary). https://doi.org/10.15625/0866-7160/v39n1.8403 (In Vietnamese with English summary).">

Matsuoka K., 1985. Organic-walled dinoflagellate cysts from surface sediments of Nagasaki Bay and Senzaki Bay, West Japan. Faculty of Liberal Arts, Nagasaki University. Nat. Sci. Bull., 25: 1–17.

Matsuoka K., 1987. Organic-walled dinoflagellate cysts from surface sediments of Akkeshi Bay and Lake Saroma, North Japan. Bull. Fac. Liberal Arts Nagasaki Univ. Nat. Sci., 28: 35–123.

Matsuoka K., Fukuyo Y., 2000. Technical Guide for Modern Dinoflagellate Cyst Study. WESTPAC-HAB/WESTPAC/IOC, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, pp. 29.

Matsuoka K., Fukuyo Y., Praseno D. P., Adnan Q., Kodama M., 1999. Dinoflagellate cysts in surface sediments of Jakarta Bay, off Ujung Pandang and Larantuka of Flores Island, Indonesia with special reference of Pyrodinium bahamense. Bull. Fac. Fish., Nagasaki Univ., 80: 49–54.

Matsuoka K., Joyce L.B., Kotani Y., Matsuyama Y., 2003. Modern dinoflagellate cysts in hypertrophic coastal waters of Tokyo Bay, Japan. J. Plankton Res., 25: 1461–1470.

Meier K. J., Young. S. J. R., Kirsch, M., Burkhardt. S. F., 2007. Evolution of different life-cycle strategies in oceanic calcareous dinoflagellates. European Journal of Phycology, 42(1): 81–89.

Mertens K. N., Yamaguchi A., Kawami H., Ribeiro S., Leander B.S., Price A. M., Pospelova V., Ellegaard M., Matsuoka K., 2012. Archaeperidinium saanichi sp. nov.: a new species based on morphological variation of cyst and theca within the Archaeperidinium minutum Jörgensen 1912 species complex. Mar. Micropaleontol., 96-97: 48–62.

Mizushima K., 2007. Spatial-temporal distribution of dinoflagellate cysts in Southeast Asia with special reference to Pyrodinium bahamense var. compressum. PhD Dissertation to Nagasaki University.

Nehring S., 1994. Spatial distribution of dinoflagellate resting cysts in recent sediments of Kiel Bight, Germany (Baltic Sea). Ophelia, 39 (2): 137–158.

Pitcher G. C., Joyce L. B., 2009. Dinoflagellate cyst production on the southern Namaqua shelf of the Benguela upwelling system. J. Plankton Res., 31: 865–875.

Pospelova V., Esenkulova S., Johannessen S. C., O’Brien M. C., Macdonald R. W., 2010. Organic-walled dinoflagellate cyst production, composition and flux from 1996 to 1998 in the central Strait of Georgia (BC, Canada): A sediment trap study. Marine Micropaleontology, 75(1-4): 17–37.

Qi Y. Z., Hong Y., Zheng L., Kulis D. M., Anderson D. M., 1996. Dinoflagellate cysts from recent marine sediments of the South and East China Seas. Asian Mar. Biol., 13: 87–103.

Srivilai D., Lirdwitayaprasit T., Fukuyo Y., 2012. Distribution of dinoflagellate cysts in the surface sediment of the coastal areas in Chonburi Province, Thailand. Coastal Marine Science, 35(1): 11–19.

Tangen K., Brand L. E., Blackwelder P. L., Guillard R. R. L., 1982. Thoracosphaera heimii (Lohmann) Kamptner is a dinophyte: observations on its morphology and life cycle. Marine Micropaleontology, 7: 193–212.

Pham Ba Trung, Nguyen Dinh Dan, Tran Van Binh, Trinh Minh Cuong, 2014. Topographical and sedimentological characteristics of Van Phong Bay, Khanh Hoa Province. Collection of Marine Research Works, 40: 44–52 (In Vietnamese with English summary).

Wall D., Dale B., 1968. Modern dinoflagellate cysts and evolution of the Peridiniales. Micropaleontology, 14: 265–304.

Wang Z. H., Matsuoka K., Qi, Y. Z., Gu X. L., 2003. Vertical distribution of dinoflagellate cysts in surface sediments from Shenzhen Bay of the South China Sea. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 23: 2073–81 (In Chinese with English summary).