Hydrogeology and origin of waters of the Panyam Volcanic Line springs, Jos Plateau, Nigeria

Longpia C. B.

doi:10.15625/2615-9783/15952

Author affiliations

Authors

Longpia C. B. Department of Mineral and Petroleum Resources Engineering, Plateau State Polytechnic B/Ladi, Nigeria

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15625/2615-9783/15952

Keywords:

Hydrogeology, hydrogeochemistry, origin, Panyam Volcanic Line springs

Abstract

The PVL springs are used for both domestic and agricultural purposes. The seepage from the springs has resulted in producing a large expanse of wetlands and is therefore intensively use for dry season farming. The aim of this study was to determine the hydrogeological, hydrochemical characteristics, origin and their suitability for domestic and irrigation. The hydrogeology of the springs was determined by field mapping. The physico-chemical parameters were determined in the field and by laboratory methods. For the cation and anion analysis the ICP-MS and the wet methods were employed respectively. The stable isotope composition of oxygen (δ¹⁸O) and hydrogen (δ²H) were analyzed by Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer. The hydrochemical analysis revealed that the PVL springs waters are generally neutral with an average pH value of 7.3. The average TDS and EC values are 127.8mg/l and 246µs/cm respectively. These values fall within fresh water class. The average Mg²⁺,Ca²⁺, Na⁺ and K⁺ cation concentration values are 16.3mg/l, 15.8mg/l, 10.8mg/l and 5.58mg/l respectively. The average anions concentration of HCO₃^-, SO₄ and Cl^- are 140mg/l, 8.6mg/l and 3.4mg/l respectively. Piper trilinear diagram show that the spring waters is predominantly Mg-Ca-HCO₃ water type with potable qualities based on WHO drinking water standards. The sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR) and Sodium Soluble Percentage (SSP) values range between 0.44 to 0.84 and 26.4 to 54% respectively and falls within irrigation quality standards. Stable isotope compositions of δ¹⁸O and δ²H ranges from -3.6_0/00 to -4.9_0/00 and -20_0/00 to -28_0/00 respectively falls within the meteoric water composition. This is further affirmed by the δ²H versus δ¹⁸O plot on the correlation diagram with Standard Meteoric Water Line.

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