Influence of magnetic field on optical response in a degenerate four-level lambda-type atomic system

Nguyen Thuy Tram; Nguyen Thi Phuong Anh; Nguyen Thi Ngoc; Hoang Thi Ngoc Yen; Cao Thi Thao; Luong Thi Yen Nga; Ho Hai Quang; Doai Le Van; Thi Kieu Oanh Nguyen

doi:10.15625/0868-3166/23473

Author affiliations

Authors

Nguyen Thuy Tram
Nguyen Thi Phuong Anh
Nguyen Thi Ngoc
Hoang Thi Ngoc Yen
Cao Thi Thao
Luong Thi Yen Nga
Ho Hai Quang
Doai Le Van Vinh University, 182 Le Duan Street, Nghe An Province, Vietnam https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1850-3437
Nguyen Thi Kieu Oanh Nguyen Trai High School, Hac Thanh Ward, Thanh Hoa Province, Vietnam

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15625/0868-3166/23473

Keywords:

effects of atomic coherence, electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT), optical response

Abstract

We theoretically investigate the optical response of a degenerate four-level \(\Lambda\)-type atomic system under the influence of an external magnetic field. The applied magnetic field lifts the degeneracy of the ground sublevels via the Zeeman effect, thereby altering the two-photon resonance conditions for electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) formation and causing the atomic response to evolve from single-EIT to double-EIT, accompanied by shifts in the EIT positions. Such variations in the EIT positions result in corresponding changes in the dispersion and group index curves, allowing the selection of desired frequency regions for different response regimes. As a result, the system can switch between transparency and absorption, as well as between slow and fast light. These findings highlight the feasibility of controlling light propagation via magnetic field, with potential applications in optical switching and quantum information technologies.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

[1] K. J. Boller, A. Imamoglu and S. E. Harris, Observation of electromagnetically induced transparency, Phys. Rev. Lett. 66 (1991) 2593.

[2] M. Fleischhauer, A. Imamoglu and J. P. Marangos, Electromagnetically induced transparency: Optics in coherent media, Rev. Mod. Phys. 77 (2005) 633.

[3] N. H. Bang, L. V. Doai and D. X. Khoa, Controllable optical properties of multi-electromagnetically induced transparency in gaseous atomic medium, Comm. Phys. 29 (2019) 1.

[4] D. McGloin, D. J. Fullton and M. H. Dunn, Electromagnetically induced transparency in n-level cascade schemes, Opt. Commun. 190 (2001) 221.

[5] L. V. Hau, S. E. Harris, Z. Dutton and C. H. Bejroozi, Light speed reduction to 17 metres per second in an ultracold atomic gas, Nature 397 (1999) 594.

[6] N. H. Bang, N. V. Ai, D. H. Son, P. V. Thuan, L. T. Y. Nga, H. H. Quang et al., Observation of giant group index in a multi-level ^{85{R}b atomic medium at room temperature}, Opt. Lett. 49 (2024) 4787.

[7] H. Kang and Y. Zhu, Observation of large kerr nonlinearity at low light intensities, Phys. Rev. Lett. 91 (2003) 093601.

[8] L. T. Y. Nga, N. H. Bang, N. V. Phu, H. M. Dong, N. T. T. Hien, N. V. Ai et al., Variable kerr nonlinearity and optical bistability of a four-level lambda atomic medium, Chaos Solitons Fractals 191 (2025) 115870.

[9] M. Sahrai, S. H. Asadpour, H. Mahrami and R. Sadighi-Bonabi, Controlling the optical bistability via quantum interference in a four-level n-type atomic system, J. Lumin. 131 (2011) 1682.

[10] D. X. Khoa, L. V. Doai, L. N. M. Anh, L. C. Trung, P. V. Thuan, N. T. Dung et al., Optical bistability in a five-level cascade eit medium: An analytical approach, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 33 (2016) 735.

[11] D. X. Khoa, N. V. Ai, H. M. Dong, L. V. Doai and N. H. Bang, All-optical switching in a medium of a four-level vee-cascade atomic medium, Opt. Quantum Electron. 54 (2022) 164.

[12] L.-G. Si, X.-Y. Lu, X. Hao and J.-H. Li, Dynamical control of soliton formation and propagation in a y-type atomic system with dual ladder-type electromagnetically induced transparency, J. Phys. B 43 (2010) 065403.

[13] H. M. Dong, N. T. T. Hien, N. H. Bang and L. V. Doai, Dynamics of twin pulse propagation and dual-optical switching in a lambda+xi atomic medium, Chaos Solitons Fractals 178 (2024) 114304.

[14] K. Cox, V. I. Yudin, A. V. Taichenachev, I. Novikova and E. E. Mikhailov, Measurements of the magnetic field vector using multiple electromagnetically induced transparency resonances in {Rb vapor}, Phys. Rev. A 83 (2011) 015801.

[15] P. Kaur and A. Wasan, Effect of magnetic field on the optical properties of an inhomogeneously broadened multilevel lambda-system in {Rb vapor}, Eur. Phys. J. D 71 (2017) 78.

[16] C. Mishra, A. Chakraborty, A. Srivastava, S. K. Tiwari, S. P. Ram, V. B. Tiwari et al., Electromagnetically induced transparency in lambda-systems of ^{87{Rb} atom in magnetic field}, J. Mod. Opt. 65 (2018) 2269.

[17] N. H. Bang and L. V. Doai, Modifying optical properties of three-level v-type atomic medium by varying external magnetic field, Phys. Scr. 95 (2020) 105103.

[18] S. H. Asadpour, H. R. Hamedi and H. R. Soleimani, Slow light propagation and bistable switching in a graphene under an external magnetic field, Laser Phys. Lett. 12 (2015) 045202.

[19] H. M. Dong, T. D. Thanh, N. H. Bang and L. V. Doai, Static magnetic field swaps slow and fast light in a v-type degenerate media, IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 37 (2025) 813.

[20] N. V. Phu, N. H. Bang, L. T. Y. Nga and L. V. Doai, Switching between slow light and fast light by static magnetic field in a degenerate four-level atomic system at room temperature, J. Opt. 26 (2024) 065403.

[21] N. H. Bang, D. X. Khoa and L. V. Doai, Controlling self-kerr nonlinearity with an external magnetic field in a degenerate two-level inhomogeneously broadened medium, Phys. Lett. A 384 (2020) 126234.

[22] N. T. T. Hien, N. L. Dan, N. H. Bang, D. X. Khoa, N. V. Phu, N. T. L. Anh et al., Two-channel optical bistability and multistability in a degenerate four-level atomic medium under a static magnetic field, Sci. Rep. 14 (2024) 19007.

[23] H. M. Dong, D. X. Khoa, L. V. Doai, N. V. Tam and L. T. Y. Nga, High-efficiency two-channel magneto-optical switching and kerr nonlinearity control using a static magnetic field in a degenerate four-level atomic medium, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 42 (2025) 1601.

[24] R. Yu, J. Li, C. Ding and X. Yang, Dual-channel all-optical switching with tunable frequency in a five-level double-ladder atomic system, Opt. Commun. 284 (2011) 2930.

[25] J. Li, R. Yu, L. Si and X. Yang, Propagation of twin light pulses under magneto-optical switching operations in a four-level inverted-y atomic medium, J. Phys. B 43 (2010) 065502.