Expression of several inflammation-related genes, immunophenotype and chromosome abnormalities in acute myeloid leukemia

Hoang Giang Nguyen; Xuan Nghia Vu; Hong Hanh Ha; Thi Xuan Nguyen

doi:10.15625/vjbt-23474

Author affiliations

Authors

Hoang Giang Nguyen \(^1\) Institute of Biology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Nghia Do, Hanoi, Vietnam
\(^2\) Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Nghia Do, Hanoi, Vietnam https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6352-5951
Xuan Nghia Vu \(^3\) 108 Military Central Hospital, 1 Tran Hung Dao, Hai Ba Trung, Hanoi, Vietnam
Hong Hanh Ha \(^1\) Institute of Biology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Nghia Do, Hanoi, Vietnam https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5520-9472
Thi Xuan Nguyen \(^1\) Institute of Biology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Nghia Do, Hanoi, Vietnam
\(^2\) Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Nghia Do, Hanoi, Vietnam https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3494-5136

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15625/vjbt-23474

Keywords:

A20, acute myeloid leukemia, CYLD, CD34, karyotype.

Abstract

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous hematologic malignancy characterized by the accumulation of immature myeloid cells in the bone marrow. According to cytogenetic abnormalities, AML patients are stratified into favorable-risk, intermediate- risk, and poor-risk groups; however, differences in inflammatory profiles among these groups remain incompletely understood. This study aimed to investigate the associations between cytogenetic risk categories, clinical characteristics, immunophenotype, and inflammatory expression in AML patients. A total of 63 newly diagnosed AML patients were enrolled. Immunophenotypic profiles were analyzed by flow cytometry, gene expression by quantitative PCR, and cytokine levels by ELISA. The favorable-risk group exhibited significantly lower levels of creatinine, total bilirubin, and indirect bilirubin compared with the intermediate-risk and poor-risk groups. In contrast, nucleated red blood cells and white blood cells were significantly increased in the intermediate-risk group. The AML1-ETO fusion gene was detected in 78.57% of favorable-risk patients and 21.43% of intermediate-risk patients but was absent in the poor-risk group. Immunophenotype analysis indicated that the percentage of CD34⁺ cells was higher in the poor-risk group than that in the intermediate-risk and favorable-risk groups, while the numbers of CD56⁺ and CD19⁺ cells were higher in the favorable-risk group. Moreover, the intermediate-risk and poor-risk patients had enhanced TGF-β and CA125 concentrations than the favorable-risk group. Importantly, the nucleated erythrocyte count was enhanced in AML patients with low CYLD expression. In conclusion, the results in this study provide an important reference document for identifying the association of clinical features and inflammatory expression among the favorable-risk, intermediate-risk, and poor-risk groups. In particular, several biomarkers, including the low CYLD expression, enhanced number of CD34⁺cells, and high TGF-β and CA125 levels, are associated with poor outcomes in AML. The results may suggest an important prognosis for CYLD-sensitive AML patients.

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