Examination of phylogenetic relationship and sexual dimorphism in the Vietnam warty newt <i>(Paramesotriton deloustali</i> (Bourret, 1934)) in Vietnam

Thinh Van Nguyen; Thien Tao Nguyen; Ngo Ngoc Hai; Hoa Thi Ninh; Huy Quoc Nguyen; Cuong The Pham; Truong Quang Nguyen; Marta Bernardes; Thomas Ziegler

doi:10.15625/vjbt-21656

Author affiliations

Authors

Thinh Van Nguyen \(^1\)Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Nghia Do, Cau Giay, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam.
Thien Tao Nguyen \(^2\)Institute of Genome Research, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Nghia Do, Cau Giay, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam.
Ngo Ngoc Hai \(^2\) Institute of Genome Research, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Nghia Do, Cau Giay, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam.
Hoa Thi Ninh \(^2\) Institute of Genome Research, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Nghia Do, Cau Giay, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam.
Huy Quoc Nguyen \(^2\) Institute of Genome Research, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Nghia Do, Cau Giay, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam.
Cuong The Pham \(^3\) Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Nghia Do, Cau Giay, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam.
Truong Quang Nguyen \(^3\) Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Nghia Do, Cau Giay, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam.
Marta Bernardes \(^4\) Institute of Zoology, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Strasse 47b, 50674 Cologne, Germany.
\(^5\) Cologne Zoo, Riehler Straße 173, 50735, Cologne, Germany.
Thomas Ziegler \(^4\) Institute of Zoology, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Strasse 47b, 50674 Cologne, Germany.
\(^5\) Cologne Zoo, Riehler Straße 173, 50735, Cologne, Germany.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15625/vjbt-21656

Keywords:

Color, morphology, natural selections, genetic divergences, populations

Abstract

Two warty newt species, Paramesotriton deloustali and P. guangxiensis, are known from Vietnam for a long time. However, the taxonomic status of some Vietnamese populations was recently clarified. In this study, we conducted surveys in northern Vietnam to collect samples for molecular and morphological analyses of Paramesotriton species. Our phylogenetic analyses based on two mitochondrial genes (16S and ND2) agreed well with previous findings that populations from Bac Kan, Ha Giang, Lao Cai, Son La and Vinh Phuc provinces were regarded as P. deloustali, and populations from Cao Bang and Quang Ninh provinces were identified as P. guangxiensis. Regarding sexual dimorphism, it is a prevalent phenomenon in many salamanders, including P. deloustali. There exists a female-biased pattern of size dimorphism with longer snout-vent length and trunk length in females than in males of P. deloustali. On the other hand, a male-biased pattern is documented for cloaca sizes. Furthermore, only males display a unique color of light green on the lateral sides of the tail.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Andersson M (1994) Sexual Selection. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey.

Bour R, Ohler A, Dubois A (2009) The onomatophores of Paramesotriton deloustali (Bourret, 1934) (the seven errors game). Alytes 26: 153-166.

Bourret R (1934) Notes herpétologiques sur l’Indochine française. VII. Une salamandre nouvellevivant au Tonkin. Bulletin général de l’Instruction publique 4: 83-84.

Cadeddu G, Giacoma C, Castellano S (2012) Sexual size dimorphism in the Tyrrhenian tree frog a life-history perspective. Journal of Zoology 286 : 285-292. https://10.1111/j.1469-7998.2011.00878.x

Castanet J, Pinto S, Loth MM, Lamotte M (2000) Age individuel, longévité et dynamique de croissance osseuse chez un amphibien vivipare, Nectophrynoides occidentalis (Anoure, Bufonidé). Annales des Sciences Naturelles - Zoologie et Biologie Animale 21: 11-17. https://10.1016/S0003-4339(00)00103-9

Chan KO, Grismer LL (2021) Correcting for Body Size Variation in Morphometric Analysis. BioRxiv. https://10.1101/2021.05.17.444580

Darwin C (1871) The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex. John Murray, London.

Fairbairn DJ, Blackenhorn WU, Szekely T (2007) Sex, Size and Gender Roles: Evolutionary Studies of Sexual Size Dimorphism. 1st edition. New York: Oxford University Press.

Frost DR (2022) Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.1. American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA. Available at: http://research.amnh.org/herpetology/amphibia/index.html. (Accessed: August 08, 2022)

Griffith H (1990) Miniaturization and elongation in Eumeces (Sauria: Scincidae). Copeia: 751-758. https://10.2307/1446441

Gu X, Wang HUI, Chen R, Tian Y, Li S (2012) The phylogenetic relationships of Paremesotriton (Caudata: Salamandridae) based on partial mitochondrial DNA sequences. Zootaxa 3150: 59-68. https://10.11646/zootaxa.3150.1.3

Hedges SB (1994) Molecular evidence for the origin of birds. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 91: 2621-2624. https://10.1073/pnas.91.7.2621

Hedrick AV, Temeles EJ (1989) The evolution of sexual dimorphism in animals: hypotheses and tests. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 4: 136-138. https://10.1016/0169-5347(89)90212-7

Hillis DM, Bull JJ (1993) An empirical test of bootstrapping as a method for assessing confidence in phylogenetic analysis. Systematic biology 42(2): 182-192. https://10.0.4.69/sysbio/42.3.247

Jockusch EL (1997) Geographic variation and phenotypic plasticity of number of trunk vertebrae in Slender Salamanders, Batrachoseps (Caudata: Plethodontidae). Evolution 51: 1966-1982. https://10.1111/j.1558-5646.1997.tb05118.x

Joly P, Giacoma C (1992) Limitation of similarity and feeding habits in three syntopic species of newts (Triturus, Amphibia). Ecography 15: 410-411. https://10.1111/j.1600-0587.1992.tb00050.x

Kassambara A, Mundt F (2020) Package “factoextra”. Extract and Visualize the Results of Multivariate Data Analyses. Version 1.0.7. URL: http://www.sthda.com/english/rpkgs/factoextra.

Kumar S, Stecher G, Tamura K (2016) MEGA7: Molecular Evolutionary Genetic Analysis Version 7.0 for Bigger Datasets. Molecular Biology and Evolution 33: 1870-1874.

Kupfer A (2007) Sexual size dimorphism in Amphibians: an overview. 50-60 in: Fairrbairn DJ, Blanckenhorn WU, Székely T (Eds): Sex, Size and Gender Roles: Evolutionary Studies of Sexual Size Dimorphism. New York: Oxford University Press.

Le S, Josse J, Husson F (2008) FactoMineR: an R package for multivariate analysis. Journal of Statistical Software 25: 1-18.

Leaché AD, Reeder TW (2002) Molecular systematics of the eastern fence lizard (Sceloporus undulatus): A comparison of parsimony, likelihood, and Bayesian approaches. Systematic Biology 51: 44-68. https://10.1080/106351502753475871

Liao WB (2013) Evolution of sexual size dimorphism in a frog obeys the inverse of Rensch’s rule. Evolutionary Biology 40: 493-499. https://10.1007/s11692-012-9212-5

Liao WB, Chen W (2012) Inverse Rensch-rule in a frog with female-biased sexual size dimorphism. Naturwissenschaften 99: 427-431. https://10.1007/s00114-012-0913-5

Liao WB, Liu CW, Merilä J (2015) Andrew meets Rensch: sexual size dimorphism and the inverse of Rensch’s rule in Andrew’s toad (Bufo andrewsi). Oecologia 177: 389-399. https://10.1007/s00442-014-3147-8

Lovich JE, Gibbons JW (1992) A review of techniques quantifying sexual size dimorphism. Growth Development & Aging 56: 269-281.

Lu S, Yuan Z, Pang J, Yang D, Yu F, Mcguire P, Xie F, Zhang Y (2004) Molecular phylogeny of the genus Paramesotriton (Caudata: Salamandridae). Biochemical Genetics 42: 139-148. https://10.1023/b:bigi.0000026630.78770.fb

Luo T, Yan SS, Xiao N, Zhou JJ, Wang XL, Chen WC, Deng HQ, Zhang BW, Zhou J (2022) Phylogenetic analysis of combined mitochondrial genome and 32 nuclear genes provides key insights into molecular systematics and historical biogeography of Asian warty newts of the genus Paramesotriton (Caudata: Salamandridae). Zoological Research 43: 787-804. https://10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2022.081

Marvin A (2009) Sexual and Seasonal Dimorphism in the Cumberland Plateau Woodland Salamander, Plethodon kentucki (Caudata: Plethodontidae). Copeia: 227-232. https://10.1643/CH-08-116

Matsui M, Shimada T, Liu WZ, Maryati M, Khonsue W, Orlov N (2006) Phylogenetic relationships of the oriental torrent frogs of the genus Amolops and its allies (Amphibia, Anura, Ranidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 38: 659-666. https://10.1016/j.ympev.2005.11.019

Nguyen QH, Doan MT, Le TD, Ngo NH (2019) Morphological characteristics and diet ecology of Paramesotriton deloustali (Bourret, 1934) (Amphibia, Caudata, Salamandridae) in Tam Dao National Park. Proceedings of the 4th national scientific conference on amphibians and reptiles in Vietnam 4: 126.

Nguyen TL, Heiko A, Schmidt AH, Bui QM (2015) IQ-TREE: A Fast and Effective Stochastic Algorithm for Estimating Maximum-Likelihood Phylogenies, Molecular Biology and Evolution 32(1): 268–274. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msu300

Nguyen VS, Ho TC, Nguyen QT (2009) Herpetofauna of Vietnam. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt am Main.

Nishikawa K, Matsui M, Nguyen TT (2013) A new species of Tylototriton from northern Vietnam (Amphibia: Urodela: Salamandridae). Current Herpetology 32: 34-49. https://10.5358/hsj.32.34

Pham VA, Nguyen QT, Pham TC, Sung BN, Le MD, Vaxong T, Ziegler T (2022) New records of amphibians from Son La Province, Vietnam. Herpetology Notes 15: 169-178.

Rambaut A, Drummond AJ (2013) Tracer. Version 1.6. http://tree.bio.ed.ac.uk/software/tracer/ [Accessed 20 Oct 2019].

Ronquist F, Teslenko M, Mark P, Ayres DL, Darling A, Höhna S, Larget B, Liu L, Suchard M, Huelsenbeck JP (2012) MrBayes 3.2: efficient Bayesian phylogenetic inference and model choice across a large model space. Systematic Biology 61(3): 539-542.

Rstudio Team (2018) RStudio: Integrated Development for R. RStudio, Inc., Boston, MA, USA. Available at: http:// www.rstudio.com/.

Seglie D, Roy D, Giacoma C (2010) Sexual dimorphism and Age structure in a population of Tylototriton verrucosus (Amphibia: Salamandridae) from the Himalayan region. Copeia 2010: 600-608. https://10.2307/40962956

Sever DM (2003) Courtship and mating glands. 323–382 in: Sever DM (ed): Reproductive biology and phylogeny of Urodela. Science Publisher Inc., Enfield.

Sever DM, Trauth SE (1990) Cloacal anatomy of female salamanders of the plethodontid sub-family Desmognathinae (Amphibia: Urodela). Transactions of the American Microscopical Society 109: 193-204. https://10.2307/3226814

Shine R (1979) Sexual selection and sexual dimorphism in the amphibians. Copeia 1979: 297-306. https://10.2307/1443418

Sparreboom M (2014) Salamanders of the old world: the salamanders of Europe, Asia and northern Africa. KNNV Publishing and Naturalis Biodiversity Centre, Netherlands, 350pp.

Tanabe AS (2011) Kakusan 4 and Aminosan: Two programs for comparing nonpartitioned, proportional and separate models for combined molecular phylogenetic analyses of multilocus sequence data. Molecular Ecology Resources 11: 914-921. https://10.1111/j.1755-0998.2011.03021.x

Tavaré S (1986) Some probabilistic and statistical problems in the analysis of DNA sequences. Lectures on Mathematics in the Life Sciences 17: 57-86.

Thorpe RS (1975) Quantitative handling of characters useful in snake systematics with particular reference to intraspecific variation in the Ringed Snake Natrix natrix. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 7: 27-43. https://10.1111/j.1095-8312.1975.tb00732.x

Tran DV, Vu TT, Fukutani K, Nishikawa K (2023) Demographic and ecological niche dynamics of the Vietnam warty newt, Paramesotriton deloustali: Historical climate influences. PLoS ONE 18: e0290044. https://10.1371/journal.pone.0290044

Verrell PA (1989) The sexual strategies of natural populations of newts and salamanders. Herpetologica 45: 265-282.

Wang C, Tian YZ, Gu XM (2013) A new species of the genus Paramesotriton (Caudata: Salamandridae). Acta Zoologica Sinica, 38: 388-397. https://10.11646/zootaxa.4205.6.3

Weisrock DW, Papenfuss TJ, Macey JR, Litvinchuk SN, Polymeni R, Ugurtas IH, Zhao E, Jowkar H, Larson A (2006) A molecular assessment of phylogenetic relationships and lineage accumulation rates within the family Salamandridae (Amphibia, Caudata). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 41: 368-383. https://10.1016/j.ympev.2006.05.008

Wu Y, Jiang KE, Hanken J (2010) A new species of newt of the genus Paramesotriton (Salamandridae) from southwestern Guangdong, China, with a new northern record of P. longliensis from western Hubei. Zootaxa 2494: 45-58. https://10.5281/zenodo.195694

Wu Y, Rovito SM, Papenfuss TJ, Hhanken J (2009) A new species of the genus Paramesotriton (Caudata: Salamandridae) from Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, southern China. Zootaxa 2060: 59-68. https://10.5281/zenodo.186817

Yang J, Yu L, Zhang S, Liu R, Chen C, Lin HD (2017) The complete mitochondrial genome of Paramesotriton chinensis (Caudata: Salamandridae) and phylogenetic studies of Paramesotriton. Mitochondrial DNA Part B 2: 289-290. https://10.1080/23802359.2017.1325344

Yuan Z, Zhao H, Jiang K, Hou M, He L, Murphy RW, Che J (2014) Phylogenetic Relationships of the Genus Paramesotriton (Caudata: Salamandridae) with the description of a new Species from Qixiling Nature Reserve, Jiangxi, Southeastern China and a Key to the species. Asian Herpetological Research 5: 67-79. https://10.3724/SP.J.1245.2014.00067

Yuan Z, Wu Y, Zhou J, Che J (2016) A new species of the genus Paramesotriton (Caudata: Salamandridae) from Fujian, southeastern China. Zootaxa 4205: 549-563. https://10.11646/zootaxa.4205.6.3

Zhang M, Han F, Ye J, Ni Q, Li Y, Yao Y, Xu H (2018) The entire mitochondrial genome of Vietnam Warty Newt Paramesotriton deloustali (Salamandridae: Paramesotriton) with a new distribution record from China. Conservation Genetics Resources 10: 551-554. https://10.1007/s12686-017-0804-3

Zhang P, Papenfuss TJ, Wake MH, Qu L, Wake DB (2008) Phylogeny and biogeography of the family Salamandridae (Amphibia: Caudata) inferred from complete mitochondrial genomes. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 49: 586-597. https://10.1016/j.ympev.2008.08.020