Towards a sustainable economic governance in the East Sea

Nguyen Tac An, Venugopalan Ittekkot
Author affiliations

Authors

  • Nguyen Tac An Vietnam Marine Science & Technology Association, Hanoi, Vietnam
  • Venugopalan Ittekkot Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research, Bremen, Germany

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15625/1859-3097/15785

Keywords:

East Sea, marine economy, sovereignty, governance, sustainable development, integrated management, ecological security, international cooperation, harmonious development.

Abstract

The East Sea and its resources play a crucial role in Vietnam’s 2030 and vision to 2045 development agenda. This new “marine economy” model brings with its enormous opportunities, but also challenges that need to be address for its effective implementation especially under the complex geopolitical situation in the East Sea. Based on information from the last three decades, this paper describes the status and potential of marine economic sectors in Vietnam and suggests steps to maximize benefits and towards a sustainable development. It outlines options for responding to the challenges at national, regional and international levels. They include: (i) Coordination of coastal and marine economic sectors, integrated ecosystem - based management practices, and a broad consensus among Vietnamese public, (ii) Mutually beneficial cooperation for the development of marine economic sectors and programs among ASEAN countries, and finally, (iii) Compliance with international law and conventions. Such an approach will contribute to a harmonious and sustainable use of the East Sea for the benefit of the people in ASEAN nations, and of the world at large.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

References

IOC, IMO, FAO, UNDP, 2011. A blueprint for ocean and coastal sustainability. UNESCO, Paris.

Resolutions no. 09-NQ/TW dated Feb. 9, 2007 on “Vietnam’s maritime strategy to 2020” and Resolution no. 36 NQ/TW, dated Oct. 22, 2018, on “Sustainable development strategy of the Vietnam’s sea economy to 2030, with a vision to 2045”.

Decision No. 622/QD-TTg dated May 10, 2017 on “National action plan to implement the 2030 agenda for sustainable development”, and Resolution 26/NQ-CP dated Mar. 05, 2020 on “Marine economic development plan”, with major orientations and groups of tasks - specific implementation solutions.

Nguyen Tac An, G. Lindsey, 1999. Indicator system for coastal management of Vietnam. Journal of Scientific Activities, 7, 105–108. (in Vietnamese).

Nguyen Tac An, V. Ittekkot, 2005. Emerging problems of coastal environment of VietNam. Proceeding of USA - Vietnam workshop on Water pollution prevention technologies. Hanoi, Nov. 15–18, 2005, pp. 295–301.

Vu Huu San, 2007. Geography of the East Sea with Hoang Sa - Truong Sa. Young Publishing House.

Bojo, J., 2011. Vietnam development report 2011: natural resources management (No. 66634, pp. 1–163). The World Bank. URL: http://documents.worldbank.org/.

Nguyen Tac An, 2010. Intergovernmental Oceanographic Program with the Development of Vietnam in the East Sea. Journal of Scientific Activities, pp. 57–58. (in Vietnamese).

Nguyen Tac An, 2012. Development of “Blue-Green economy” in Vietnam: Issues and Prospects. Vietnam- Korea forum, Ho Chi Minh city, 22/2/2012.

Zahuranec, B. J., Ittekkot, V., Montogomery, E., (Eds.), 2014. Science and technology diplomacy in developing countries. NAM S&T Centre, Daya Publishing House (a division of Astral International Pvt. Ltd.), New Delhi, India.

Nguyen Tac An, 2000. 70 years of mobilizing ocean science and technology forces to participate in the development of coastal areas, islands and East Sea.

Nguyen Tac An, 2012. National committee of intergovernmental oceanographic program (IOC VN) for the development and stability of Vietnam in the East sea. Proceedings of UNESCO Vietnam National Committee “35 years of operation and development, 1977–2012”, pp. 75– 81.

Nguyen Tan Trinh, 1996. Fishery resources of Vietnam. Fisheries Department, 614 p.

Nguyen Tac An, 2004. Immediate economic ecological problems of Vietnam’s coastal waters. Vietnam Sea Magazine, 10, 6–9.

Nguyen Tac An, V. Ittekkot, Vo Duy Son, Phan Minh Thu, Nguyen Huu Huan, 2000. Tracing sediment transport and bed regime in Nha Trang bay. Collection of Marine Research Works - Special issue on the occasion of 70th establishment anniversaryof the institute of oceanography. Science and Technique Publishing House, 10, 63–69.

Nguyen Tac An, V. Ittekkot, 2001. Causes and consequences of the degradation of the resources and environment in the typical coastal ecosystems of Vietnam. Proceedings of DAAD/BMBF-ZMT meeting, Purwokerto, Indonesia, Mar. 26–30.

Bui Tat Thang, 2007. On Vietnam’s strategy for marine economic development. Economy and Forecast Review, No. 7.

World Ocean Council, 2010. URL: http://www.oceancouncil.org/site/faq.php20.

Ngo Luc Tai, 2012. Vietnam’s marine economy on the way of development and integration. Ho Chi Minh city General Publishing House.

Nguyen Anh Tuan, 2013. World economic development trends to 2030 and issues posed to Vietnam’s international integration. Magazine of International Research, 9/2013.

WWF, 2015. Reviving the Ocean Economy, 23/4/2015.

WOA, 2016. World Ocean Assessment I, United Nations, 1752 p.

NguyenTac An, Phan Minh Thu, Nguyen Thanh Van, Tong Phuoc Hoang Son, 2017. Economic governance and development in the East sea. Publishing House for Science and Technology, Hanoi, 260 p. (in Vietnamese).

FAO, 2020. The State of world fisheries and aquaculture. URL: http://www.fao.org.

Kimball, L. A., 2001. International Ocean Governance: Using International Law and Organizations to Manage Marine Resources Sustainably. IUCN-The World Conservation Union, 123 p.

Nguyen Tac An,Venu Ittekkot, 2006. Ecological basis of coastal zone management in Viet Nam. Presentation on International Meeting of ACEMON. Coastal Marine Ecosystems and Their Management, Phuket, Thailand, Sep. 25–28, 2006, 12 p.

Nguyen Tac An, 2007. The status and policies on exploitation and protection of marine biological resources in Vietnam. Proccedings of the 11th International Symposium on the Efficient Application and Preservation of Marine Biological Resources, Nha Trang, Nov. 1–2, 2007, pp. 1–13.

Nguyen Tac An, 2007. Think about some of the main directions in sustainable marine economic development management. Proceedings “Sustainable Management and Development of Da Nang Marine Economy”, Workshop, Da Nang, pp. 25–26.

Nguyen Tac An, 2007. Building the park “Knowledge of the East Sea” to create attractive and competitive sightseeing products in economic and cultural development in the city Danang. Workshop proceedings “Sustainable Management and Development of Danang Marine Economy”, pp. 6–13.

Nguyen Tac An, Huynh Phuoc, 2007. The project “Solutions for sustainable management and development of some important marine economic sectors in Da Nang city”. The 3rd East Sea Conference, 12 p.

Nguyen Ngoc Truong, 2011. The East Sea chess game under a geostrategic perspective. SGTT 12/8/2011.

Townsend-Gault, I., 2011. Contribution of seminars on the East Sea - The importance of a functional approach. East Sea Studies, 17/3/2011.

Nguyen Chu Hoi, 2016. Environmental Security and Peace in the East Sea. Information - Communication Publishing House.

Waldron, A., Adams, V., Allan, J., Arnell, A., Asner, G., Atkinson, S., Baccini, A., Baillie, J., Balmford, A., Beau, J. A., Brander, L., Brondizio, E., Bruner, A., Burgess, N., Burkart, K., Butchart, S., Button, R., Carrasco, R., Cheung, W., ... Zhang, Y., 2020. Protecting 30% of the planet for nature: costs, benefits and economic implications. Campaign for Nature. http://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/epr-int/16560/.

Souvorov, A. V., 1999. Marine ecologonomics: the ecology and economics of marine natural resources management. Elsevier.

Fausold, C. J., and Lilieholm, R. J., 1999. The economic value of open space: A review and synthesis. Environmental Management, 23(3), 307–320.

Simcock, A., 2017. World Ocean Assessment. Cambridge University Press.

Nguyen Tac An, Nguyen Van Luc, 1992. Marine shrimp farming technology and environmental management. Science and Technics Publishing House, 44 p. (in Vietnamese).

Nguyen Tac An, Truong Sy Ky, Ngo Van Toan, 1994. Fish cage culture techniques. Agriculturale Publishing House, 55 p. (in Vietnamese).

Nguyen Tac An et al., 2003. Sustainable shrimp farming: A tool for managers and planners. Book from project “A sustainable environment for shrimp farming in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam”. Nha Trang.

Nguyen Tac An et al., 2003. Economic management of shrimp farms. Book from project “A sustainable environment for shrimp farming in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam”. Nha Trang.

Nguyen Tac An, 2007. Some main orientations on sustainable marine economic development management. Proceedings “Vision of marine economy and development of Vietnam’s fisheries”, Hanoi, 12/2007, pp. 65–72.

Nguyen Xuan Thu and Bui Tat Thang, 2012. Vietnam’s marine economic development - Current status and prospects. URL: http://dangcongsan.vn/ cpv/Modules/News/NewsDetail.aspx?

Tran Dinh Thien, 2016. Regarding Vietnam’s marine economic strategy. URL: http://www.vasi.gov.vn. (in Vietnamese).

Park, D., Seo, K., Kildow, D., and Judith, T., 2014. Rebuilding the classification system of the ocean economy. Journal of Ocean and Coastal Economics, 2014(1), 4.

Hoang Thanh Nga, 2018. Marine Economics - Concept and Classification Approaches in the World and Vietnam. Science & Technology Development Magazine: Specialized in economics - law and management, 2(1), 49–58.

Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD), 2017. The Ocean Economy in 2030. IWA Publishing.

Nguyen Tac An, Tran Cong Huan, Pavlov, D. S, Nhezdoli, V. K., 2008. Integrated Approach to management of tropical marine ecosystems towards eco-security in Vietnam. Proc. of Environment and Human Health-Ecoforum, Saint-Petersburg, Russia, July 1–4, 2008, pp. 409–410.

Du Van Toan, 2013. Features “Power of the sea” in the world and proposed to Vietnam. Journal of International Research, 94.

Nguyen Hong Thao, 2003. Marine environmental pollution in Vietnam, law, practice. Statistical Publishing House, Hanoi, 270 p. (in Vietnamese).

Ngoc Hien, 2008. Vietnam’s marine economy: current situations and challenges. URL: http: //www. vnmedia. vn/newsdetail.asp?NewsId=157527&CatId=26.

VASI, 2018. State of Oceans and Coasts, brief Vietnam. The East Asian seas congress, Iloilo, Philippines, Nov. 27–30, 2018.

Nguyen Tac An, 2007. Sustainable management solutions for some important marine economic sectors in Da Nang city. Project summary report, IOC VN, City People’s Committee. Da Nang, 98 p.

UNEP, 2007. Procedure for Determination of National and Regional Economic Values for Ecotone Goods and Services, and Total Economic Values of Coastal Habitats in the context of the UNEP/GEF Project Entitled: “Reversing Environmental Degradation Trends in the South China Sea and Gulf of Thailand”. South China Sea Knowledge Document No. 3. UNEP/GEF/SCS/Inf.

UNEP-WCMC, 2011. Marine and coastal ecosystem services: Valuation methods and their application (Tinch, R., Mathieu, L., (eds.)). UNEP-WCMC Biodiversity Series, No. 33, 46.

Costanza, R., d’Arge, R., de Groot, R., Farber, S., Grasso, M., Hannon, B., Limburg, K., Naeem, S., O’Neill, R. V., Paruelo, J., Raskin, R. G., Sutton, P., and Belt, M. V. D., 1997. The value of the world’s ecosystem services and natural capital. Nature, 387(6630), 253–260. https://doi.org/10.1038/387253a0.

Vo Si Tuan, Nguyen Huy Yet, Nguyen Van Long, 2005. Ecosystem of Vietnam’s marine coral reefs. Science and Technics Publishing House, Ho Chi Minh city branch, 212 p.

Tuan, V. S., and Pernetta, J., 2010. The UNEP/GEF South China Sea Project: lessons learnt in regional cooperation. Ocean & Coastal Management, 53(9), 589–596.

Lan, T. D., 2013. Quantitative approach to sustainability assessment of the use of coastal ecosystems. Vietnam Journal of Marine Science and Technology, 13(2), 178–185.

Nguyen Tac An, 2020. Regarding the exploitation of deep sea resources in the East Sea. Science and Technology of Vietnam. URL: http://vjst.vn/vn/tin-tuc/3047/khai-thac-tai-nguyen-bien-sau.aspx.

Tra Duc Thanh, 2008. The bays along the coast of Vietnam and potential uses. Publishing House for Science and Technology.

Tran Duc Thanh, 2012. Vietnam’s sea and islands - position resources and typical geological and ecological wonders. Publishing House for Science and Technology.

An, N. T., and Shadrin, N. V., 2008. Integrated coastal zone management in Vietnam: first steps, goals, framework. Marine Ecological J., 7(3), 87–96.

Ton That Nguyen Thiem, 2016. Humanities and economics: Love and money in business administration. Youth Publishing House.

Danks, F.; Fletcher, R.; McOwen, C.; Scrimgeour, R.; Martin, J.; Thornton, H.; Tittensor, D., and Dunn, D., 2018. Marine connectivity across jurisdictional boundaries: An introduction. Cambridge (UK): UN Environment World Conservation Monitoring Centre, 32 p.

Tran Vinh Du, 2011. East Sea: Economics and Conflict. tuanvietnam.net, date 28/6/2011.

Le Hong Hiep, 2011. Vietnam’s Tyranny of Geography. URL: http://vietnamnet.vn/ & https://thediplomat.com.

Nguyen Van Kim (Ed.), 2011. Vietnamese people to the sea. World Publishing House. URL: https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/4389.

Nguyen Hong Thao, 2020. United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea UNCLOS and 25 years of implementation in Vietnam. East Sea Studies.

Ittekkot, V., 2017. Enhancing national capacities for sustainable development: the case of oceans, seas and developing countries. In: S&T Diplomacy and Sustainable Development in the Developing Countries (Miremadi, T; Arabzai, A. H.; Relia, S. (Eds.)), NAM S&T Centre, Daya Publishing House (a division of Astral International Pvt. Ltd.), New Delhi, India. pp. 107–113.

Nguyen Duy Nien, 2002. Ho Chi Minh’s Diplomacy. National Political Publishing House, Hanoi. pp. 139–162.

Nguyen Tac An, 2011. To boost cooperation and enhance IOC consultative capacity and support for investigation and research in the East Sea. Proceeding of Workshop “International Cooperation in Investigation and Research of Marine Natural Resource and Environment”, Hanoi, 15–17 Sept. 2011.

Nguyễn Tac An, Tran Cong Huan, 2012. Strengthening cooperation and exploiting the international community's ability to advise and support knowledge and technology to improve efficiency in investigation, research, and training of human resources for the development and protection of the East Sea. Proceedings of Scientific Conference “Cooperation in the East Sea: History and Prospects”, Da Nang, 12–14 Dec. 2012.

Downloads

Published

29-12-2020

How to Cite

An, N. T., & Ittekkot, V. (2020). Towards a sustainable economic governance in the East Sea. Vietnam Journal of Marine Science and Technology, 20(4), 355–367. https://doi.org/10.15625/1859-3097/15785

Issue

Section

Review

Most read articles by the same author(s)

1 2 > >>